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Convolutional neural networks (CNN's) are powerful and widely used tools. However, their interpretability is far from ideal. One such shortcoming is the difficulty of deducing a network's ability to generalize to unseen data. We use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Rickard Brüel Gabrielsson , Gunnar Carlsson

This report deals with translation invariance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automatic target recognition (ATR) from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. In particular, the translation invariance of CNNs for SAR ATR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Hidetoshi Furukawa

The effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been substantially attributed to their built-in property of translation equivariance. However, CNNs do not have embedded mechanisms to handle other types of transformations. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Ivan Sosnovik , Michał Szmaja , Arnold Smeulders

In this paper, we theoretically address three fundamental problems involving deep convolutional networks regarding invariance, depth and hierarchy. We introduce the paradigm of Transformation Networks (TN) which are a direct generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Dipan K. Pal , Marios Savvides

Convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable performance in recent years on various computer vision problems. However, the traditional convolutional neural network architecture lacks a critical property: shift equivariance and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Quentin Gabot , Teck-Yian Lim , Jérémy Fix , Joana Frontera-Pons , Chengfang Ren , Jean-Philippe Ovarlez

Thanks to the use of convolution and pooling layers, convolutional neural networks were for a long time thought to be shift-invariant. However, recent works have shown that the output of a CNN can change significantly with small shifts in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Anadi Chaman , Ivan Dokmanić

Humans can identify objects following various spatial transformations such as scale and viewpoint. This extends to novel objects, after a single presentation at a single pose, sometimes referred to as online invariance. CNNs have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Valerio Biscione , Jeffrey S. Bowers

We present an analysis into the inner workings of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for processing text. CNNs used for computer vision can be interpreted by projecting filters into image space, but for discrete sequence inputs CNNs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Alon Jacovi , Oren Sar Shalom , Yoav Goldberg

The translation equivariance of convolutional layers enables convolutional neural networks to generalize well on image problems. While translation equivariance provides a powerful inductive bias for images, we often additionally desire…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-25 Marc Finzi , Samuel Stanton , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Several recent works have empirically observed that Convolutional Neural Nets (CNNs) are (approximately) invertible. To understand this approximate invertibility phenomenon and how to leverage it more effectively, we focus on a theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-25 Anna C. Gilbert , Yi Zhang , Kibok Lee , Yuting Zhang , Honglak Lee

The introduction of convolutional layers greatly advanced the performance of neural networks on image tasks due to innately capturing a way of encoding and learning translation-invariant operations, matching one of the underlying symmetries…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Nicholas Guttenberg , Nathaniel Virgo , Olaf Witkowski , Hidetoshi Aoki , Ryota Kanai

In computer vision, convolutional networks (CNNs) often adopts pooling to enlarge receptive field which has the advantage of low computational complexity. However, pooling can cause information loss and thus is detrimental to further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Pengju Liu , Hongzhi Zhang , Wei Lian , Wangmeng Zuo

Most modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used for object recognition are built using the same principles: Alternating convolution and max-pooling layers followed by a small number of fully connected layers. We re-evaluate the state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Jost Tobias Springenberg , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Thomas Brox , Martin Riedmiller

We propose a generalization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to irregular domains, through the use of a translation operator on a graph structure. In regular settings such as images, convolutional layers are designed by translating a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Bastien Pasdeloup , Vincent Gripon , Jean-Charles Vialatte , Dominique Pastor , Pascal Frossard

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in vision-related tasks. However, their susceptibility to failing when inputs deviate from the training distribution is well-documented. Recent studies suggest that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Pradyumna Elavarthi , James Lee , Anca Ralescu

Deep neural networks that achieve remarkable performance in image classification have previously been shown to be easily fooled by tiny transformations such as a one pixel translation of the input image. In order to address this problem,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Ofir Shifman , Yair Weiss

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) require large image corpora to be trained on classification tasks. The variation in image resolutions, sizes of objects and patterns depicted, and image scales, hampers CNN training and performance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Nanne van Noord , Eric Postma

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely assumed to be translation-invariant, yet standard architectures exhibit a startling fragility: even a single-pixel shift can drastically degrade performance due to their reliance on spatially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nuria Alabau-Bosque , Jorge Vila-Tomas , Paula Dauden-Oliver , Valero Laparra , Jesus Malo

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), architectures consisting of convolutional layers, have been the standard choice in vision tasks. Recent studies have shown that Vision Transformers (VTs), architectures based on self-attention modules,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Kishaan Jeeveswaran , Senthilkumar Kathiresan , Arnav Varma , Omar Magdy , Bahram Zonooz , Elahe Arani

To perform well on unseen and potentially out-of-distribution samples, it is desirable for machine learning models to have a predictable response with respect to transformations affecting the factors of variation of the input. Here, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Diane Bouchacourt , Mark Ibrahim , Ari S. Morcos