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Related papers: Spectre Attacks: Exploiting Speculative Execution

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With increasingly sophisticated cyber-adversaries able to access a wider repertoire of mechanisms to implant malware such as ransomware, CPU/GPU keyloggers, and stealthy kernel rootkits, there is an urgent need for techniques to detect and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Farshad Khorrami , Ramesh Karri , Prashanth Krishnamurthy

Since 2016, multiple microarchitectural attacks have exploited an effect that is attributed to prefetching. These works observe that certain user-space operations can fetch kernel addresses into the cache. Fetching user-inaccessible data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Martin Schwarzl , Thomas Schuster , Michael Schwarz , Daniel Gruss

Defenses against security threats have been an interest of recent studies. Recent works have shown that it is not difficult to attack a natural language processing (NLP) model while defending against them is still a cat-mouse game. Backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Sangeet Sagar , Abhinav Bhatt , Abhijith Srinivas Bidaralli

Power side-channel attacks are a very effective cryptanalysis technique that can infer secret keys of security ICs by monitoring the power consumption. Since the emergence of practical attacks in the late 90s, they have been a major threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Lu Zhang , Luis Vega , Michael Taylor

Like all software systems, the execution of deep learning models is dictated in part by logic represented as data in memory. For decades, attackers have exploited traditional software programs by manipulating this data. We propose a live…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Robby Costales , Chengzhi Mao , Raphael Norwitz , Bryan Kim , Junfeng Yang

Intel processors utilize the retirement to orderly retire the micro-ops that have been executed out of order. To enhance retirement utilization, the retirement is dynamically shared between two logical cores on the same physical core.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Ke Xu , Ming Tang , Quancheng Wang , Han Wang

Modern prefetchers identify memory access patterns in order to predict future accesses. However, many applications exhibit irregular access patterns that do not manifest spatio-temporal locality in the memory address space. Such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Leeor Peled , Uri Weiser , Yoav Etsion

Side-channel attacks try to extract secret information from a system by analyzing different side-channel signatures, such as power consumption, electromagnetic emanation, thermal dissipation, acoustics, time, etc. Power-based side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Sahan Sanjaya , Aruna Jayasena , Prabhat Mishra

Modern power systems have begun integrating synchrophasor technologies into part of daily operations. Given the amount of solutions offered and the maturity rate of application development it is not a matter of "if" but a matter of "when"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-18 Jordan Landford , Rich Meier , Richard Barella , Xinghui Zhao , Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez , Robert B. Bass , Scott Wallace

In-memory computing architectures provide a much needed solution to energy-efficiency barriers posed by Von-Neumann computing due to the movement of data between the processor and the memory. Functions implemented in such in-memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Sina Sayyah Ensan , Karthikeyan Nagarajan , Mohammad Nasim Imtia Khan , Swaroop Ghosh

We use historical data to estimate the potential benefit of speculative techniques for executing Ethereum smart contracts in parallel. We replay transaction traces of sampled blocks from the Ethereum blockchain over time, using a simple…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Vikram Saraph , Maurice Herlihy

This paper introduces Okapi, a new hardware/software cross-layer architecture designed to mitigate Transient Execution Side Channel attacks, including Spectre variants, in modern computing systems. Okapi provides a hardware basis for secure…

Timing-based side and covert channels in processor caches continue to be a threat to modern computers. This work shows for the first time a systematic, large-scale analysis of Arm devices and the detailed results of attacks the processors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Shuwen Deng , Nikolay Matyunin , Wenjie Xiong , Stefan Katzenbeisser , Jakub Szefer

Side-channel attacks consist of retrieving internal data from a victim system by analyzing its leakage, which usually requires proximity to the victim in the range of a few millimetres. Screaming channels are EM side channels transmitted at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jeremy Guillaume , Maxime Pelcat , Amor Nafkha , Rubén Salvador

The increasing sophistication of modern cyber threats, particularly file-less malware relying on living-off-the-land techniques, poses significant challenges to traditional detection mechanisms. Memory forensics has emerged as a crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Arslan Tariq Syed , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Elhadj Benkhelifa , Fauzia Idrees Abro

Timing-based side or covert channels in processor caches continue to present a threat to computer systems, and they are the key to many of the recent Spectre and Meltdown attacks. Based on improvements to an existing three-step model for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Shuwen Deng , Wenjie Xiong , Jakub Szefer

Side-channel attacks have become prominent attack surfaces in cyberspace. Attackers use the side information generated by the system while performing a task. Among the various side-channel attacks, cache side-channel attacks are leading as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Ankit Pulkit , Smita Naval , Vijay Laxmi

Spin Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) is a promising candidate for Last Level Cache (LLC) due to high endurance, high density and low leakage. One of the major disadvantages of STTRAM is high write latency and write current. Additionally, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-23 Nitin Rathi , Helia Naeimi , Swaroop Ghosh

An extensive line of work on modern computing architectures has shown that the execution time of instructions can (i) depend on the operand of the instruction or (ii) be influenced by system optimizations, e.g., branch prediction and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Annika Wilde , Samira Briongos , Claudio Soriente , Ghassan Karame

Caches are used to reduce the speed differential between the CPU and memory to improve the performance of modern processors. However, attackers can use contention-based cache timing attacks to steal sensitive information from victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Quancheng Wang , Xige Zhang , Han Wang , Yuzhe Gu , Ming Tang