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Constraints on primordial black holes in the range $10^{-18} M_{\odot}$ to $10^{3} M_{\odot}$ are reevaluated for a general class of extended mass functions. Whereas previous work has assumed that PBHs are produced with one single mass,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Florian Kuhnel , Katherine Freese

We propose a novel mechanism where Primordial Black Hole (PBH) dark matter is formed much later in the history of the universe between the epoch of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photon decoupling. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-24 Amlan Chakraborty , Prolay K Chanda , Kanhaiya Lal Pandey , Subinoy Das

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a compelling candidate for Dark Matter (DM). There remain significant parameter spaces to be explored despite current astrophysical observations have set strong limits. Utilizing advanced MeV observation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-25 Zhen Xie , Bing Liu , Jiahao Liu , Yi-Fu Cai , Ruizhi Yang

It has normally been assumed that primordial black holes (PBHs) always form with mass approximately equal to the mass contained within the horizon at that time. Recent work studying the application of critical phenomena in gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-25 Anne M Green , Andrew R Liddle

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are an attractive dark matter candidate, particularly if they can explain the totality of it. At PBH masses below $\sim 10^{17}$g and above $\sim 10^{23}$g this possibility is excluded from the variety of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-06 Peter Tinyakov

As the only dark matter candidate that does not invoke a new particle that survives to the present day, primordial black holes (PBHs) have drawn increasing attention recently. Up to now, various observations have strongly constrained most…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-28 Paulo Montero-Camacho , Xiao Fang , Gabriel Vasquez , Makana Silva , Christopher M. Hirata

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a major candidate for dark matter and they have been extensively constrained across most mass ranges. However, PBHs in the mass range of $10^{17}$ - $10^{21}$ g remain a viable explanation for all dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Chen Yang , Jun-Da Pan , Xin Zhang

Particle dark matter and primordial black holes (PBH) might coexist with appreciable cosmic abundances, with both contributing to the observed dark matter density $\Omega_{\rm DM}$. Large populations of PBH (with $\Omega_{\rm PBH}\sim…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-11 Prolay Chanda , Sagnik Mukherjee , James Unwin

We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range $10^{-5}\text{--}10^{50}$ g. Those smaller than $\sim 10^{15}$ g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Bernard Carr , Kazunori Kohri , Yuuiti Sendouda , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can make up all of the dark matter (DM) if their mass, $m$, is in the so-called 'asteroid-mass window', $10^{17} \, {\rm g} \lesssim m \lesssim 10^{22} \, {\rm g}$. Observational constraints on the abundance of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-07 Matthew Gorton , Anne M. Green

The possibility that a relevant fraction of the dark matter might be comprised of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) has been seriously reconsidered after LIGO's detection of a $\sim 30 M_{\odot}$ binary black holes merger. Despite the strong…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-31 José Luis Bernal , Nicola Bellomo , Alvise Raccanelli , Licia Verde

Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the asteroid-mass range remain a viable and until now unconstrained dark matter (DM) candidate. If such PBHs exist, they could be captured by stars in DM-dominated environments with low velocity dispersion…

The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) form a part of dark matter has been considered over a wide mass range from the Planck mass ($10^{-5}~\rm g$) to the level of the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-13 Huan Zhou , Yujie Lian , Zhengxiang Li , Shuo Cao , Zhiqi Huang

In the last two years the dark dimension scenario has emerged as focal point of many research interests. In particular, it functions as a stepping stone to address the cosmological hierarchy problem and provides a colosseum for dark matter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-04 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Ignatios Antoniadis , Dieter Lust

An accurate calculation of their abundance is crucial for numerous aspects of cosmology related to primordial black holes (PBHs). For example, placing constraints on the primordial power spectrum from constraints on the abundance of PBHs…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-03 Sam Young

The fraction of the Universe going into primordial black holes (PBHs) with initial mass M_* \approx 5 \times 10^{14} g, such that they are evaporating at the present epoch, is strongly constrained by observations of both the extragalactic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 B. J. Carr , Kazunori Kohri , Yuuiti Sendouda , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are considered viable candidates for dark matter and the seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), with their fruitful physical influences providing significant insights into the conditions of the early…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-30 Junyue Yang , Xiaoding Wang , Xiao-Han Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Sheng-Feng Yan , Amara Ilyas , Yi-Fu Cai

The computation of PBH (primordial black hole) production from primordial perturbations has recently been improved by considering a more accurate relation between the primordial power spectrum and the PBH mass variance. We present here…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 David Blais , Claus Kiefer , David Polarski

The mass ranges allowed for Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) to constitute all of Dark Matter (DM) are broadly constrained. However, these constraints rely on the standard semiclassical approximation which assumes that the evaporation process…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-23 Ana Alexandre , Gia Dvali , Emmanouil Koutsangelas

We present a modification of the Press-Schechter (PS) formalism to derive general mass functions for primordial black holes (PBHs), considering their formation as being associated to the amplitude of linear energy density fluctuations. To…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Joaquin Sureda , Juan Magana , Ignacio J. Araya , Nelson D. Padilla