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Quasars are among the most luminous sources characterized by their broad band spectra ranging from radio through optical to X-ray band, with numerous emission and absorption features. Using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Boroson &…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-15 Swayamtrupta Panda , Bożena Czerny , Conor Wildy , Marzena Śniegowska

Quasars are complex sources, characterized by broad band spectra from radio through optical to X-ray band, with numerous emission and absorption features. However, Boroson & Green (1992) used Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-30 Swayamtrupta Panda , Bozena Czerny , Conor Wildy

The work initially started as a test to retrace the Shen & Ho (2014) Quasar Main Sequence diagram where they claimed that the parameter RFeII, which defines the Eigenvector 1 (EV1) is driven by the Eddington ratio alone. We subsequently…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-17 Swayamtrupta Panda , Katarzyna Małek , Marzena Śniegowska , Bożena Czerny

The last 25 years saw a major step forward in the analysis of optical and UV spectroscopic data of large quasar samples. Multivariate statistical approaches have led to the definition of systematic trends in observational properties that…

The quasar main sequence (QMS), characterized by the Eigenvector 1 (EV1), serves as a unifying framework for classifying type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on their diverse spectral properties. Although a fully self-consistent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-22 M. H. Naddaf , M. L. Martínez-Aldama , P. Marziani , B. Czerny , D. Hutsemékers

Eigenvector 1 (EV1) is the formal parameter which allows the introduction of some order in the properties of the unobscured type 1 active galaxies. We aim to understand the nature of this parameter by analyzing the most extreme examples of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-30 M. Sniegowska , B. Czerny , B. You , S. Panda , J. -M. Wang , K. Hryniewicz , C. Wildy

The work initially started as a test to retrace the Shen & Ho (2014) Quasar Main Sequence diagram where they (and references therein) claimed that the parameter RFeII, which defines the Eigenvector 1 (EV1) is driven by the Eddington ratio…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-05 Swayamtrupta Panda , Katarzyna Małek , Marzena Śniegowska , Bożena Czerny

Quasars are rapidly accreting supermassive black holes at the center of massive galaxies. They display a broad range of properties across all wavelengths, reflecting the diversity in the physical conditions of the regions close to the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Yue Shen , Luis C. Ho

The concept of the quasar main sequence is very attractive since it stresses correlations between various parameters and implies the underlying simplicity. In the optical plane defined by the width of the H\{beta} line and the ratio of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-14 Swayamtrupta Panda , Bożena Czerny , Tek P. Adhikari , Krzysztof Hryniewicz , Conor Wildy , Joanna Kuraszkiewicz , Marzena Śniegowska

[Latex markup removed] We recently discussed an Eigenvector 1 (E1) parameter space that provides optimal discrimination between the principal classes of broad-line Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). In this paper we begin a search for the most…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 P. Marziani , J. W. Sulentic , T. Zwitter , D. Dultzin-Hacyan , M. Calvani

The interpretation of the main sequence of quasars has become a frontier subject in the last years. The consider the effect of a highly flattened, axially symmetric geometry for the broad-line region (BLR) on the parameters related to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-15 Swayamtrupta Panda , Paola Marziani , Bożena Czerny

We address the effect of orientation of the accretion disk plane and the geometry of the broad-line region (BLR) as part of an effort to understand the distribution of quasars in the optical plane of the quasar main sequence. We utilize the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-11 Swayamtrupta Panda , Paola Marziani , Bożena Czerny

Using a large sample of Type 1 AGN spectra, we investigated the complex structure of the Fe II emission region in order to understand the atomic processes responsible for the enhancement of the Fe II emission. We explored correlations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-05 Jelena Kovačević-Dojčinović , Ivan Dojčinović , Luka Č. Popović

We investigate FeII emission in Broad Line Region (BLR) of AGNs by analyzing the FeII(UV), FeII(4570) and MgII emission lines in 884 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar catalog in a redshift range of 0.727 < z < 0.804.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 H. Sameshima , K. Kawara , Y. Matsuoka , S. Oyabu , N. Asami , N. Ienaka

This work aimed to find the relationship between quasars' optical variability and spectral features to reveal the regularity behind the random variation. It is known that quasar's FeII/Hbeta flux ratio and equivalent width of [OIII]5007 are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-12 Shumpei Nagoshi , Fumihide Iwamuro

We address the effect of orientation of the accretion disk plane and the geometry of the broad-line region (BLR) in the context of understanding the distribution of quasars along their Main Sequence. We utilize the photoionization code…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-15 Swayamtrupta Panda , Paola Marziani , Bożena Czerny

We introduce a new physical parameter, the optical variability amplitude, to the well-established Eigenvector 1 space of quasars and test a sample of long-term B-band light curves of 42 PG quasars monitored by Giveon et al. (1999). We find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yufeng Mao , Jing Wang , Jianyan Wei

The diverse properties of broad-line quasars appear to follow a well-defined main sequence along which the optical FeII strength increases. It has been suggested that this sequence is mainly driven by the Eddington ratio (L/L_Edd) of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-24 Jiayi Sun , Yue Shen

The study of the broad-line region (BLR) using reverberation mapping has allowed us to establish an empirical relation between the size of this line emitting region and the continuum luminosity that drives the line emission (i.e. the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-14 Swayamtrupta Panda

The Eddington ratio is a key parameter that governs the diversity of quasar properties. It can be scaled with a strong anti-correlation between optical Fe II and [O III] emission. In search of such indicators in the far-UV band, the HST…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Wei Zheng
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