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As a self-supervised learning paradigm, contrastive learning has been widely used to pre-train a powerful encoder as an effective feature extractor for various downstream tasks. This process requires numerous unlabeled training data and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Tianxing Zhang , Hanzhou Wu , Xiaofeng Lu , Guangling Sun

LLMs now exhibit human-like skills in various fields, leading to worries about misuse. Thus, detecting generated text is crucial. However, passive detection methods are stuck in domain specificity and limited adversarial robustness. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xi Yang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Chang Liu , Yuang Qi , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

This paper presents AutoMarks, an automated and transferable watermarking framework that leverages graph neural networks to reduce the watermark search overheads during the placement stage. AutoMarks's novel automated watermark search is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ruisi Zhang , Rachel Selina Rajarathnam , David Z. Pan , Farinaz Koushanfar

Pretraining on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has shown great power in facilitating various downstream tasks. As pretraining generally requires huge amount of data and computational resources, the pretrained GNNs are high-value Intellectual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Enyan Dai , Minhua Lin , Suhang Wang

Software watermarking allows for embedding a mark into a piece of code, such that any attempt to remove the mark will render the code useless. Provably secure watermarking schemes currently seems limited to programs computing various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiahui Liu , Mark Zhandry

In recent years, watermarking generative tabular data has become a prominent framework to protect against the misuse of synthetic data. However, while most prior work in watermarking methods for tabular data demonstrate a wide variety of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Dung Daniel Ngo , Archan Ray , Akshay Seshadri , Daniel Scott , Saheed Obitayo , Niraj Kumar , Vamsi K. Potluru , Marco Pistoia , Manuela Veloso

We propose a fast methodology for encoding graphs with information-theoretically minimum numbers of bits. Specifically, a graph with property pi is called a pi-graph. If pi satisfies certain properties, then an n-node m-edge pi-graph G can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Xin He , Ming-Yang Kao , Hsueh-I Lu

With the growing popularity of the Internet, digital images are used and transferred more frequently. Although this phenomenon facilitates easy access to information, it also creates security concerns and violates intellectual property…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-01 Alireza Tavakoli , Zahra Honjani , Hedieh Sajedi

Protecting intellectual property (IP) of text such as articles and code is increasingly important, especially as sophisticated attacks become possible, such as paraphrasing by large language models (LLMs) or even unauthorized training of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Xinyuan Niu , Hieu Dao , Jiangwei Chen , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Digital watermarking is the process to hide digital pattern directly into a digital content. Digital watermarking techniques are used to address digital rights management, protect information and conceal secrets. An invisible non-blind…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2012-11-13 Abdur Shahid , Shahriar Badsha , Md. Rethwan Kabeer , Junaid Ahsan , Mufti Mahmud

For enhancing the protection level of dynamic graph software watermarks and for the purpose of conducting the analysis which evaluates the effect of integrating two software protection techniques such as software watermarking and tamper…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-01-13 Malik Sikandar Hayat Khiyal , Aihab Khan , Sehrish Amjad , M. Shahid Khalil

The availability of bandwidth for internet access is sufficient enough to communicate digital assets. These digital assets are subjected to various types of threats. [19] As a result of this, protection mechanism required for the protection…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-01-23 Mahimn Pandya , Hiren Joshi , Ashish Jani

The proliferation of open-source code and large language models (LLMs) for code generation has amplified the risks of unauthorized reuse and intellectual property infringement. Source code watermarking offers a potential solution, yet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Rui Xu , Jiawei Chen , Weizhi Liu , Zhaoxia Yin , Cong Kong , Xinpeng Zhang

Watermarking of large language models (LLMs) generation embeds an imperceptible statistical pattern within texts, making it algorithmically detectable. Watermarking is a promising method for addressing potential harm and biases from LLMs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Siyu Yuan , Zhining Liu , Tianxin Wei , Hyunsik Yoo , Zhichen Zeng , Deqing Yang , Hanghang Tong

Digital contents have grown dramatically in recent years, leading to increased attention to copyright. Image watermarking has been considered one of the most popular methods for copyright protection. With the recent advancements in applying…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Maedeh Jamali , Nader Karim , Pejman Khadivi , Shahram Shirani , Shadrokh Samavi

Watermarking serves as a widely adopted approach to safeguard media copyright. In parallel, the research focus has extended to watermark removal techniques, offering an adversarial means to enhance watermark robustness and foster…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Dongjian Huo , Zehong Zhang , Hanjing Su , Guanbin Li , Chaowei Fang , Qingyao Wu

In this work, we introduce a novel deep learning-based approach to text-in-image watermarking, a method that embeds and extracts textual information within images to enhance data security and integrity. Leveraging the capabilities of deep…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Bishwa Karki , Chun-Hua Tsai , Pei-Chi Huang , Xin Zhong

Graph is a fundamental data structure to model interconnections between entities. Set, on the contrary, stores independent elements. To learn graph representations, current Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) primarily use message passing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiyuan Wang , Pan Li , Muhan Zhang

Motivated by the problem of detecting AI-generated text, we consider the problem of watermarking the output of language models with provable guarantees. We aim for watermarks which satisfy: (a) undetectability, a cryptographic notion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Noah Golowich , Ankur Moitra

A method of lossless data hiding in images using integer wavelet transform and histogram shifting for gray scale images is proposed. The method shifts part of the histogram, to create space for embedding the watermark information bits. The…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-04-13 S. Kurshid Jinna , L. Ganesan