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Spotting user-defined/flexible keywords represented in text frequently uses an expensive text encoder for joint analysis with an audio encoder in an embedding space, which can suffer from heterogeneous modality representation (i.e., large…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Paul Dixon , Devang Naik

In this paper, we propose DS-KWS, a two-stage framework for robust user-defined keyword spotting. It combines a CTC-based method with a streaming phoneme search module to locate candidate segments, followed by a QbyT-based method with a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiqi Ai , Han Cheng , Yuxin Wang , Shiyi Mu , Shugong Xu , Yongjin Zhou

This paper introduces the system submitted by the DKU-SMIIP team for the Auto-KWS 2021 Challenge. Our implementation consists of a two-stage keyword spotting system based on query-by-example spoken term detection and a speaker verification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-13 Yechen Wang , Yan Jia , Murong Ma , Zexin Cai , Ming Li

In this paper, a novel architecture for speaker recognition is proposed by cascading speech enhancement and speaker processing. Its aim is to improve speaker recognition performance when speech signals are corrupted by noise. Instead of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Yanpei Shi , Qiang Huang , Thomas Hain

Keyword spotting systems for always-on TinyML-constrained applications require on-site tuning to boost the accuracy of offline trained classifiers when deployed in unseen inference conditions. Adapting to the speech peculiarities of target…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Cristian Cioflan , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

We propose a single neural network architecture for two tasks: on-line keyword spotting and voice activity detection. We develop novel inference algorithms for an end-to-end Recurrent Neural Network trained with the Connectionist Temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Chris Lengerich , Awni Hannun

In this paper we present a data-driven, integrated approach to speaker verification, which maps a test utterance and a few reference utterances directly to a single score for verification and jointly optimizes the system's components using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Georg Heigold , Ignacio Moreno , Samy Bengio , Noam Shazeer

We explore Neural Networks (NNs) for keyword spotting (KWS) on IoT devices like smart speakers and wearables. Since we target to execute our NN on a constrained memory and computation footprint, we propose a CNN design that. (i) uses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Rakesh Dhakshinamurthy

Keyword spotting (KWS) is beneficial for voice-based user interactions with low-power devices at the edge. The edge devices are usually always-on, so edge computing brings bandwidth savings and privacy protection. The devices typically have…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Jingyi Wang , Shengchen Li

This paper proposes a novel user-defined keyword spotting framework that accurately detects audio keywords based on text enrollment. Since audio data possesses additional acoustic information compared to text, there are discrepancies…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Youkyum Kim , Jaemin Jung , Jihwan Park , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Joon Son Chung

Recent work considered how images paired with speech can be used as supervision for building speech systems when transcriptions are not available. We ask whether visual grounding can be used for cross-lingual keyword spotting: given a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Herman Kamper , Michael Roth

We propose using cascaded classifiers for a keyword spotting (KWS) task on narrow-band (NB), 8kHz audio acquired in non-IID environments -- a more challenging task than most state-of-the-art KWS systems face. We present a model that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ahmad AbdulKader , Kareem Nassar , Mohamed El-Geish , Daniel Galvez , Chetan Patil

We introduce an algorithm for word-level text spotting that is able to accurately and reliably determine the bounding regions of individual words of text "in the wild". Our system is formed by the cascade of two convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Siyang Qin , Roberto Manduchi

Audio captioning is an important research area that aims to generate meaningful descriptions for audio clips. Most of the existing research extracts acoustic features of audio clips as input to encoder-decoder and transformer architectures…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ayşegül Özkaya Eren , Mustafa Sert

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven Keyword Spotting (KWS) technologies has revolutionized human to machine interaction. Yet, the challenge of end-to-end energy efficiency, memory footprint and system complexity of current…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-28 Jie Lei , Tousif Rahman , Rishad Shafik , Adrian Wheeldon , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Fahim Kawsar , Akhil Mathur

Keyword spotting (KWS) is one of the speech recognition tasks most sensitive to the quality of the feature representation. However, the research on KWS has traditionally focused on new model topologies, putting little emphasis on other…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Douglas Baptista de Souza , Khaled Jamal Bakri , Fernanda Ferreira , Juliana Inacio

Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) is the task of identifying a keyword in an audio stream and is widely used in smart devices at the edge in order to activate voice assistants and perform hands-free tasks. The task is daunting as there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mahmoud Salhab , Haidar Harmanani

Despite the recent successes of deep neural networks, it remains challenging to achieve high precision keyword spotting task (KWS) on resource-constrained devices. In this study, we propose a novel context-aware and compact architecture for…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Xi Chen , Shouyi Yin , Dandan Song , Peng Ouyang , Leibo Liu , Shaojun Wei

Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (KWS) refers to the task of detecting words or terms within speech recordings, regardless of whether they were included in the training data. This paper introduces an open-vocabulary keyword spotting model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Yael Segal-Feldman , Ann R. Bradlow , Matthew Goldrick , Joseph Keshet

A keyword spotting (KWS) system determines the existence of, usually predefined, keyword in a continuous speech stream. This paper presents a query-by-example on-device KWS system which is user-specific. The proposed system consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Byeonggeun Kim , Mingu Lee , Jinkyu Lee , Yeonseok Kim , Kyuwoong Hwang