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Pain management and severity detection are crucial for effective treatment, yet traditional self-reporting methods are subjective and may be unsuitable for non-verbal individuals (people with limited speaking skills). To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Aafaf Ridouan , Amine Bohi , Youssef Mourchid

Facial Action Units (AUs) detection is a cornerstone of objective facial expression analysis and a critical focus in affective computing. Despite its importance, AU detection faces significant challenges, such as the high cost of AU…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Bohao Xing , Kaishen Yuan , Zitong Yu , Xin Liu , Heikki Kälviäinen

Facial Action Coding System consists of 44 action units (AUs) and more than 7000 combinations. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) classifier has been used successfully to recognize facial action units (AUs) and expressions due to its ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-04-06 Mahmoud Khademi , Mohammad T. Manzuri-Shalmani , Mohammad H. Kiapour , Ali A. Kiaei

Despite the success of deep neural networks on facial action unit (AU) detection, better performance depends on a large number of training images with accurate AU annotations. However, labeling AU is time-consuming, expensive, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Yong Li , Shiguang Shan

Intensive Care Units (ICU) provide close supervision and continuous care to patients with life-threatening conditions. However, continuous patient assessment in the ICU is still limited due to time constraints and the workload on healthcare…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Subhash Nerella , Ziyuan Guan , Andrea Davidson , Yuanfang Ren , Tezcan Baslanti , Brooke Armfield , Patrick Tighe , Azra Bihorac , Parisa Rashidi

Expressions and facial action units (AUs) are two levels of facial behavior descriptors. Expression auxiliary information has been widely used to improve the AU detection performance. However, most existing expression representations can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Rudong An , Wei Zhang , Hao Zeng , Wei Chen , Zhigang Deng , Yu Ding

This paper tackles the challenging problem of estimating the intensity of Facial Action Units with few labeled images. Contrary to previous works, our method does not require to manually select key frames, and produces state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Enrique Sanchez , Adrian Bulat , Anestis Zaganidis , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) for studying facial expressions is manual and requires significant effort and expertise. This paper explores the use of automated techniques to generate Action Units (AUs) for studying facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Shivansh Chandra Tripathi , Rahul Garg

The detection of facial action units (AUs) has been studied as it has the competition due to the wide-ranging applications thereof. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the AU detection from a single input image by grasping the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Ziqiang Shi , Liu Liu , Zhongling Liu , Rujie Liu , Xiaoyu Mi , and Kentaro Murase

People naturally understand emotions, thus permitting a machine to do the same could open new paths for human-computer interaction. Facial expressions can be very useful for emotion recognition techniques, as these are the biggest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Pietro B. S. Masur , Willams Costa , Lucas S. Figueredo , Veronica Teichrieb

Facial action units (AUs) detection is fundamental to facial expression analysis. As AU occurs only in a small area of the face, region-based learning has been widely recognized useful for AU detection. Most region-based studies focus on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Yao Xia

Human affective behavior analysis aims to delve into human expressions and behaviors to deepen our understanding of human emotions. Basic expression categories (EXPR) and Action Units (AUs) are two essential components in this analysis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Li Lin , Sarah Papabathini , Xin Wang , Shu Hu

Automatic facial action unit (AU) recognition is a challenging task due to the scarcity of manual annotations. To alleviate this problem, a large amount of efforts has been dedicated to exploiting various weakly supervised methods which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Jingwei Yan , Jingjing Wang , Qiang Li , Chunmao Wang , Shiliang Pu

Human affective behavior analysis plays a vital role in human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. In this paper, we introduce our submission to the CVPR 2023 Competition on Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW). We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Jun Yu , Renda Li , Zhongpeng Cai , Gongpeng Zhao , Guochen Xie , Jichao Zhu , Wangyuan Zhu

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a critical task within computer vision with diverse applications across various domains. Addressing the challenge of limited FER datasets, which hampers the generalization capability of expression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bach Nguyen-Xuan , Thien Nguyen-Hoang , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Nhu Tai-Do

Facial expressions are combinations of basic components called Action Units (AU). Recognizing AUs is key for developing general facial expression analysis. In recent years, most efforts in automatic AU recognition have been dedicated to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Ciprian A. Corneanu , Meysam Madadi , Sergio Escalera

Facial action units (AUs) are essential to decode human facial expressions. Researchers have focused on training AU detectors with a variety of features and classifiers. However, several issues remain. These are spatial representation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Wen-Sheng Chu , Fernando De la Torre , Jeffrey F. Cohn

Background: Pain assessment in individuals with neurological conditions, especially those with limited self-report ability and altered facial expressions, presents challenges. Existing measures, relying on direct observation by caregivers,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Álvaro Sabater-Gárriz , F. Xavier Gaya-Morey , José María Buades-Rubio , Cristina Manresa Yee , Pedro Montoya , Inmaculada Riquelme

The detection of micro-expression Action Units (AUs) is a formidable challenge in affective computing, pivotal for decoding subtle, involuntary human emotions. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate profound reasoning abilities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhishu Liu , Kaishen Yuan , Bo Zhao , Yong Xu , Zitong Yu

Unlike macro-expression, micro-expression does not follow a strictly consistent mapping rule between emotions and Action Units (AUs). As a result, some micro-expressions share identical AUs yet represent completely opposite emotional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenxing Hu , Kun Xie , Qiguang Miao , Ruyi Liu , Quan Wang , Zongkai Yang