Related papers: Why surplus structure is not superfluous
We introduce functional degrees of freedom by a new gauge principle related to the phase of the wave functional. Thereby, quantum mechanical systems are seen as dissipatively embedded part of a nonlinear classical structure producing…
In particle physics, the fundamental forces are subject to symmetries called gauge invariance. It is a redundancy in the mathematical description of any physical system. In this article I will demonstrate that the transformer architecture…
We present a short overview of the structure and couplings of supergravity theories at the component level. We do so with as little technical machinery as possible, working directly with the physical on-shell fields and using explicit…
In this paper, we provide a general framework for counting geometric structures in pseudo-random graphs. As applications, our theorems recover and improve several results on the finite field analog of questions originally raised in the…
Generally, in any human field, a Smarandache Structure on a set A means a weak structure W on A such that there exists a proper subset B which is embedded with a stronger structure S. By a proper subset one understands a set included in A,…
This paper has several purposes. We present through a critical review the results from already published papers on the constructive semigroup theory, and contribute to its further development by giving solutions to open problems. We also…
We construct a fully faithful functor from the category of graphs to the category of fields. Using this functor, we resolve a longstanding open problem in computable model theory, by showing that for every nontrivial countable structure S,…
We propose a higher dimensional scenario to solve the gauge hierarchy problem. In our formulation, a crucial observation is that a supersymmetric structure is hidden in the 4d spectrum of any gauge invariant theories with compact extra…
A space for gauge theories is defined, using projective limits as subsets of Cartesian products of homomorphisms from a lattice on the structure group. In this space, non-interacting and interacting measures are defined as well as functions…
We present a type theory with some proof-irrelevance built into the conversion rule. We argue that this feature is useful when type theory is used as the logical formalism underlying a theorem prover. We also show a close relation with the…
A central aim of theoretical physics is to account for the structure of matter at the most elementary level as underlying the Standard Model of particle physics, and ideally also as a basis for a substantial dark sector, as distributed in…
The clockwork is a mechanism for generating light particles with exponentially suppressed interactions in theories which contain no small parameters at the fundamental level. We develop a general description of the clockwork mechanism valid…
The goal of nuclear structure theory is to build a comprehensive microscopic framework in which properties of nuclei and extended nuclear matter, and nuclear reactions and decays can all be consistently described. Due to novel theoretical…
Recently, an attractive model of GUT breaking has been proposed in which a 5 dimensional supersymmetric SU(5) gauge theory on an S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2') orbifold is broken down to the 4d MSSM by SU(5)-violating boundary conditions. Motivated…
It is useful to have a criterion for when the predictions of an operational theory should be considered classically explainable. Here we take the criterion to be that the theory admits of a generalized-noncontextual ontological model.…
Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize…
The gauge theory is the most important type of the field theory, in which the interactions of the elementary particles are described by the exchange of the gauge bosons.In this article, the gauge theory is reexamined as geometry of the…
We analyze the gauge structure of a recently proposed superconformal field theory in six dimensions. We find that this structure amounts to a weak Courant-Dorfman algebra, which, in turn, can be interpreted as a strong homotopy Lie algebra.…
We consider gauge theories on noncommutative euclidean space . In particular, we discuss the structure of gauge group following standard mathematical definitions and using the ideas of hep-th/0102182.
We introduce simple and more advanced concepts that have played a key role in the development of supersymmetric systems. This is done by first describing various supersymmetric quantum mechanics models. Topics covered include the basic…