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Alignment of large language models (LLMs) involves training models on preference-contrastive output pairs to adjust their responses according to human preferences. To obtain such contrastive pairs, traditional methods like RLHF and RLAIF…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zekun Moore Wang , Shawn Wang , Kang Zhu , Jiaheng Liu , Ke Xu , Jie Fu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Wenhao Huang

Current alignment pipelines presume a single, universal notion of desirable behavior. However, human preferences often diverge across users, contexts, and cultures. As a result, disagreement collapses into the majority signal and minority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Daniel Halpern , Evi Micha , Ariel D. Procaccia , Itai Shapira

Assessing the veracity of online content has become increasingly critical. Large language models (LLMs) have recently enabled substantial progress in automated veracity assessment, including automated fact-checking and claim verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yupeng Cao , Chengyang He , Yangyang Yu , Ping Wang , K. P. Subbalakshmi

Large language models are often ranked according to their level of alignment with human preferences -- a model is better than other models if its outputs are more frequently preferred by humans. One of the popular ways to elicit human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Ivi Chatzi , Eleni Straitouri , Suhas Thejaswi , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown promise for video quality assessment, but most methods still predict an absolute score for each video. Such pointwise supervision often mixes perceptual quality with dataset-specific calibration,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Shibei Meng , Binxin Yang , Yuan Liu , Jiexuan Zhang , Zhengyao Lv , Hubery Yin , Qiang Xu

In this paper, we propose a listwise approach for constructing user-specific rankings in recommendation systems in a collaborative fashion. We contrast the listwise approach to previous pointwise and pairwise approaches, which are based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Liwei Wu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , James Sharpnack

Evaluating competing systems in a comparable way, i.e., benchmarking them, is an undeniable pillar of the scientific method. However, system performance is often summarized via a small number of metrics. The analysis of the evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Quannian Zhang , Michael Röder , Nikit Srivastava , N'Dah Jean Kouagou , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

While large language models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for automating academic workflows, existing systems for academic peer review remain constrained by text-only inputs, limited contextual grounding, and a lack of actionable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mengze Hong , Di Jiang , Weiwei Zhao , Yawen Li , Yihang Wang , Xinyuan Luo , Yanjie Sun , Chen Jason Zhang

Nowadays, recommender systems already impact almost every facet of peoples lives. To provide personalized high quality recommendation results, conventional systems usually train pointwise rankers to predict the absolute value of objectives…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Yi Ren , Hongyan Tang , Siwen Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in handling complex reasoning tasks by generating step-by-step rationales.Some methods have proven effective in boosting accuracy by introducing extra verifiers to assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Mingqian He , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Zeqi Tan , Weiming Lu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed via public-facing interfaces to interact with millions of users, each with diverse preferences. Despite this, preference tuning of LLMs predominantly relies on reward models trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Vishakh Padmakumar , Chuanyang Jin , Hannah Rose Kirk , He He

Personalized product search aims to retrieve and rank items that match users' preferences and search intent. Despite their effectiveness, existing approaches typically assume that users' query fully captures their real motivation. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weicong Qin , Yi Xu , Weijie Yu , Chenglei Shen , Ming He , Jianping Fan , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Privacy-Preserving Record linkage (PPRL) is an essential component in data integration tasks of sensitive information. The linkage quality determines the usability of combined datasets and (machine learning) applications based on them. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Florens Rohde , Victor Christen , Martin Franke , Erhard Rahm

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has inspired researchers to integrate them extensively into the academic workflow, potentially reshaping how research is practiced and reviewed. While previous studies highlight the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Li , Jia-Chen Gu , Po-Nien Kung , Heming Xia , Junfeng liu , Xiangwen Kong , Zhifang Sui , Nanyun Peng

Serendipity plays a pivotal role in enhancing user satisfaction within recommender systems, yet its evaluation poses significant challenges due to its inherently subjective nature and conceptual ambiguity. Current algorithmic approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Li Kang , Yuhan Zhao , Li Chen

Attribution and fact verification are critical challenges in natural language processing for assessing information reliability. While automated systems and Large Language Models (LLMs) aim to retrieve and select concise evidence to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Guy Alt , Eran Hirsch , Serwar Basch , Ido Dagan , Oren Glickman

Multi-view learning methods often focus on improving decision accuracy, while neglecting the decision uncertainty, limiting their suitability for safety-critical applications. To mitigate this, researchers propose trusted multi-view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ying Liu , Lihong Liu , Cai Xu , Xiangyu Song , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit probabilistic output characteristics, yet conventional evaluation frameworks rely on deterministic scalar metrics. This study introduces a Bayesian approach for LLM capability assessment that integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xiao Xiao , Yu Su , Sijing Zhang , Zhang Chen , Yadong Chen , Tian Liu

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable cross-lingual abilities, yet often exhibit a systematic bias toward the representations from other languages, resulting in semantic interference when generating content in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ilia Badanin , Daniil Dzenhaliou , Imanol Schlag

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can enhance trustworthiness by aligning with human preferences. As human preference labeling is laborious, recent works employ evaluation models for assessing MLLMs' responses, using the model-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Rui Cao , Yuming Jiang , Michael Schlichtkrull , Andreas Vlachos