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Eliciting preferences from human judgements is inherently imprecise, yet most decision analysis methods force a single priority vector from pairwise comparisons, discarding the information embedded in inconsistencies. We instead leverage…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-27 Salvatore Greco , Sajid Siraj , Michele Lundy

Systematic reviews require the use of rigorously designed search strategies to ensure both comprehensive retrieval and minimization of bias. Conventional manual approaches, although methodologically systematic, are resource-intensive and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fatima Nasser , Fouad Trad , Ammar Mohanna , Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan , Ali Chehab

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

We present AutoBench, a fully automated and self-sustaining framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) through reciprocal peer assessment. This paper provides a rigorous scientific validation of the AutoBench methodology,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Dario Loi , Elena Maria Muià , Federico Siciliano , Giovanni Trappolini , Vincenzo Crisà , Peter Kruger , Fabrizio Silvestri

Existing LLM-as-a-Judge approaches for evaluating text generation suffer from rating inconsistencies, with low agreement and high rating variance across different evaluator models. We attribute this to subjective evaluation criteria…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yukyung Lee , Joonghoon Kim , Jaehee Kim , Hyowon Cho , Jaewook Kang , Pilsung Kang , Najoung Kim

Evaluation of search engines relies on assessments of search results for selected test queries, from which we would ideally like to draw conclusions in terms of relevance of the results for general (e.g., future, unknown) users. In practice…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Thomas Demeester , Robin Aly , Djoerd Hiemstra , Dong Nguyen , Chris Develder

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language understanding, they still struggle with complex multi-step reasoning, often producing logically inconsistent or partially correct solutions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Lingxiao Du , Fanqing Meng , Zongkai Liu , Zhixiang Zhou , Ping Luo , Qiaosheng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

Job search through online matching engines nowadays are very prominent and beneficial to both job seekers and employers. But the solutions of traditional engines without understanding the semantic meanings of different resumes have not kept…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-27 Yiou Lin , Hang Lei , Prince Clement Addo , Xiaoyu Li

Preference learning is a widely adopted post-training technique that aligns large language models (LLMs) to human preferences and improves specific downstream task capabilities. In this work we systematically investigate how specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joongwon Kim , Anirudh Goyal , Aston Zhang , Bo Xiong , Rui Hou , Melanie Kambadur , Dhruv Mahajan , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Liang Tan

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has been recognized as the key to improving LLMs' interaction quality. However, in this pluralistic world, human preferences can be diversified due to annotators' different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dun Zeng , Yong Dai , Pengyu Cheng , Longyue Wang , Tianhao Hu , Wanshun Chen , Nan Du , Zenglin Xu

Generally speaking, the model training for recommender systems can be based on two types of data, namely explicit feedback and implicit feedback. Moreover, because of its general availability, we see wide adoption of implicit feedback data,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Yi Ren , Hongyan Tang , Jiangpeng Rong , Siwen Zhu

Offline evaluation of information retrieval and recommendation has traditionally focused on distilling the quality of a ranking into a scalar metric such as average precision or normalized discounted cumulative gain. We can use this metric…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Fernando Diaz , Andres Ferraro

Similarity is a comparative-subjective measure that varies with the domain within which it is considered. In several NLP applications such as document classification, pattern recognition, chatbot question-answering, sentiment analysis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Manuela Nayantara Jeyaraj , Dharshana Kasthurirathna

Preference optimization is a critical post-training technique used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, typically by fine-tuning on ranked response pairs. While methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Yufei Tao , Ameeta Agrawal

Information Retrieval evaluation has traditionally focused on defining principled ways of assessing the relevance of a ranked list of documents with respect to a query. Several methods extend this type of evaluation beyond relevance, making…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Maria Maistro , Lucas Chaves Lima , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly for complex tasks requiring multi-step logical deductions, remains a significant challenge. Traditional inference time scaling methods utilize scalar reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yansi Li , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Xingyu Chen , Zhiwei He , Qiuzhi Liu , Rui Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Learning sentence embeddings in an unsupervised manner is fundamental in natural language processing. Recent common practice is to couple pre-trained language models with unsupervised contrastive learning, whose success relies on augmenting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Qiyu Wu , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Daxin Jiang

Machine learning classification tasks often benefit from predicting a set of possible labels with confidence scores to capture uncertainty. However, existing methods struggle with the high-dimensional nature of the data and the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Rui Luo , Zhixin Zhou

Learning to rank has recently emerged as an attractive technique to train deep convolutional neural networks for various computer vision tasks. Pairwise ranking, in particular, has been successful in multi-label image classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Yuncheng Li , Yale Song , Jiebo Luo

LLM-as-a-judge approaches have emerged as a scalable solution for evaluating model behaviors, yet they rely on evaluation criteria often created by a single individual, embedding that person's assumptions, priorities, and interpretive lens.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Charles Chiang , Simret Gebreegziabher , Annalisa Szymanski , Yukun Yang , Hyo Jin Do , Zahra Ashktorab , Werner Geyer , Toby Li , Diego Gomez-Zara
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