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The difficulty of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is a crucial factor for educational assessments. Predicting MCQ difficulty is challenging since it requires understanding both the complexity of reaching the correct option and the…

We explore how Deep Learning (DL) can be utilized to predict prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Out of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, 94 AML cases are used in this study. Input data include age, 10 common cytogenetic and…

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) struggle to calculate the optimal insulin dose at mealtime, especially when under multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy. Effectively, they will not always perform rigorous and precise calculations, but…

Large language model (LLM) agents often struggle in environments where rules and required domain knowledge frequently change, such as regulatory compliance and user risk screening. Current approaches, like offline fine-tuning and standard…

One of the most prominent methods for explaining the behavior of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents is the generation of saliency maps that show how much each pixel attributed to the agents' decision. However, there is no work that…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a flexible and efficient method for programming micro-robots in complex environments. Here we investigate whether reinforcement learning can provide insights into biological systems when trained to perform…

Ramp metering is the act of controlling on-going vehicles to the highway mainlines. Decades of practices of ramp metering have proved that ramp metering can decrease total travel time, mitigate shockwaves, decrease rear-end collisions by…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) aims to create intelligent agents that can learn to solve complex problems efficiently in a real-world environment. Typically, two learning goals: adaptation and generalization are used for baselining DRL…

This paper explores the application of deep Q-learning to hedging at-the-money options on the S\&P~500 index. We develop an agent based on the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm, trained to simulate hedging…

Purpose : Because functional MRI (fMRI) data sets are in general small, we sought a data efficient approach to resting state fMRI classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus neurotypical (NT) controls. We hypothesized that a…

This survey explores the development of meta-thinking capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) from a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) perspective. Meta-thinking self-reflection, assessment, and control of thinking processes is…

The ability to direct a Probabilistic Boolean Network (PBN) to a desired state is important to applications such as targeted therapeutics in cancer biology. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been proposed as a framework that solves a…

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs), exemplified by DeepSeek R1, have shown that even a simple question-answering task can substantially improve an LLM's reasoning capabilities. In this work,…

Real-world autonomous decision-making systems, from robots to recommendation engines, must operate in environments that change over time. While deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown an impressive ability to learn optimal policies in…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the de facto standard for tuning LLMs to solve tasks involving reasoning. However, growing evidence shows that models trained in such way often suffer from a significant loss in diversity. We argue…

Online recommendation requires handling rapidly changing user preferences. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is gaining interest as an effective means of capturing users' dynamic interest during interactions with recommender systems.…

Improvements to Zambia's malaria surveillance system allow better monitoring of incidence and targetting of responses at refined spatial scales. As transmission decreases, understanding heterogeneity in risk at fine spatial scales becomes…

The application of machine learning (ML) techniques span a vast spectrum ranging from speech, face and character recognition, medical diagnosis, anomaly detection in data to the general classification, prediction, and regression problems.…

We study the problem of predicting and controlling the future state distribution of an autonomous agent. This problem, which can be viewed as a reframing of goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL), is centered around learning a…

The analysis and control of large-population systems is of great interest to diverse areas of research and engineering, ranging from epidemiology over robotic swarms to economics and finance. An increasingly popular and effective approach…