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The study of the brain's representations of uncertainty is a central topic in neuroscience. Unlike most quantities of which the neural representation is studied, uncertainty is a property of an observer's beliefs about the world, which…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-12 Edgar Y Walker , Stephan Pohl , Rachel N Denison , David L Barack , Jennifer Lee , Ned Block , Wei Ji Ma , Florent Meyniel

How an individual's unique brain connectivity determines that individual's cognition, behavior, and risk for pathology is a fundamental question in basic and clinical neuroscience. In seeking answers, many have turned to machine learning,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-08 Maxwell A. Bertolero , Dustin Moraczewski , Adam Thomas , Danielle S. Bassett

Neuroscience theory posits that the brain's visual system coarsely identifies broad object categories via neural activation patterns, with similar objects producing similar neural responses. Artificial neural networks also have internal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Nathaniel Blanchard , Jeffery Kinnison , Brandon RichardWebster , Pouya Bashivan , Walter J. Scheirer

Modern artificial neural networks, including convolutional neural networks and vision transformers, have mastered several computer vision tasks, including object recognition. However, there are many significant differences between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Tiago Oliveira , Tiago Marques , Arlindo L. Oliveira

We offer a general theoretical framework for brain and behavior that is evolutionarily and computationally plausible. The brain in our abstract model is a network of nodes and edges. Although it has some similarities to standard neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Joseph Y. Halpern , Arnon Lotem

Understanding how the brain learns to compute functions reliably, efficiently and robustly with noisy spiking activity is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. Most sensory and motor tasks can be described as dynamical systems and could…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-24 Sophie Denève , Alireza Alemi , Ralph Bourdoukan

To study information processing in the brain, neuroscientists manipulate experimental stimuli while recording participant brain activity. They can then use encoding models to find out which brain "zone" (e.g. which region of interest,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-22 Mariya Toneva , Jennifer Williams , Anand Bollu , Christoph Dann , Leila Wehbe

A complete understanding of the brain requires an integrated description of the numerous scales of neural organization. It means studying the interplay of genes, synapses, and even whole brain regions which ultimately leads to different…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-09 Charley Presigny , Fabrizio De Vico Fallani

Recent advancements in measurement techniques have resulted in an increasing amount of data on neural activities recorded in parallel, revealing largely heterogeneous correlation patterns across neurons. Yet, the mechanistic origin of this…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-04-26 Moritz Layer , Moritz Helias , David Dahmen

Over the last decades, cognitive psychology has come to fair consensus about the ontological structure of human intelligence. However, it remains an open question, whether anatomical properties of the brain support the same ontology. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-08 Daniel Kristanto , Xinyang Liu , Werner Sommer , Andrea Hildebrandt , Changsong Zhou

Cognitive control is a suite of processes that helps individuals pursue goals despite resistance or uncertainty about what to do. Although cognitive control has been extensively studied as a dynamic feedback loop of perception, valuation,…

Network neuroscience represents the brain as a collection of regions and inter-regional connections. Given its ability to formalize systems-level models, network neuroscience has generated unique explanations of neural function and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-11-13 Maxwell A. Bertolero , Danielle S. Bassett

Despite the recent success of neural network models in mimicking animal performance on visual perceptual tasks, critics worry that these models fail to illuminate brain function. We take it that a central approach to explanation in systems…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-13 Rosa Cao , Daniel Yamins

Recent studies revealed complex convergence dynamics in gradient-based methods, which has been little understood so far. Changing the step size to balance between high convergence rate and small generalization error may not be sufficient:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Ilona Kulikovskikh

Network analysis is rapidly becoming a standard tool for studying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this framework, different brain areas are mapped to the nodes of a network, whose links depict functional dependencies…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-30 Rainer Kujala , Enrico Glerean , Raj Kumar Pan , Iiro P. Jääskeläinen , Mikko Sams , Jari Saramäki

The human brain is organized as a complex network, where connections between regions are characterized by both functional connectivity (FC) and structural connectivity (SC). While previous studies have primarily focused on network-level…

The question What is Complexity? has occupied a great deal of time and paper over the last 20 or so years. There are a myriad different perspectives and definitions but still no consensus. In this paper I take a phenomenological approach,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-02-12 Christopher R. Stephens

Brain representations must strike a balance between generalizability and adaptability. Neural codes capture general statistical regularities in the world, while dynamically adjusting to reflect current goals. One aspect of this adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gauthier Boeshertz , Caroline Haimerl , Cristina Savin

The learned weights of a neural network are often considered devoid of scrutable internal structure. To discern structure in these weights, we introduce a measurable notion of modularity for multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), and investigate…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Daniel Filan , Shlomi Hod , Cody Wild , Andrew Critch , Stuart Russell

Structure entails function and thus a structural description of the brain will help to understand its function and may provide insights into many properties of brain systems, from their robustness and recovery from damage, to their dynamics…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2008-08-27 Marcus Kaiser , Robert Martin , Peter Andras , Malcolm P. Young