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Cognitive flexibility describes the human ability to switch between modes of mental function to achieve goals. Mental switching is accompanied by transient changes in brain activity, which must occur atop an anatomical architecture that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-29 John D. Medaglia , Weiyu Huang , Elisabeth A. Karuza , Sharon L. Thompson-Schill , Alejandro Ribeiro , Danielle S. Bassett

An entirely novel synthesis combines the applied cognitive psychology of a task analytic approach with a neural cell assembly perspective that models both brain and mind function during task performance; similar cell assemblies could be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Dan Diaper , Chris Huyck

The brain is a paradigmatic example of a complex system as its functionality emerges as a global property of local mesoscopic and microscopic interactions. Complex network theory allows to elicit the functional architecture of the brain in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-01-18 Rossana Mastrandrea , Andrea Gabrielli , Fabrizio Piras , Gianfranco Spalletta , Guido Caldarelli , Tommaso Gili

Recent advances in neuroscience have revealed many principles about neural processing. In particular, many biological systems were found to reconfigure/recruit single neurons to generate multiple kinds of decisions. Such findings have the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Yassin Khalifa , Justin Hawks , Ervin Sejdic

It is widely believed that diversity arising from different skills enhances the performance of teams, and in particular, their ability to learn and innovate. However, diversity has also been associated with negative effects on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-03 Fabian Baumann , Agnieszka Czaplicka , Iyad Rahwan

Studies in recent years have demonstrated that neural organization and structure impact an individual's ability to perform a given task. Specifically, individuals with greater neural efficiency have been shown to outperform those with less…

Transfer learning has recently become the dominant paradigm of machine learning. Pre-trained models fine-tuned for downstream tasks achieve better performance with fewer labelled examples. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jonas Pfeiffer , Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

Despite substantial efforts, neural network interpretability remains an elusive goal, with previous research failing to provide succinct explanations of most single neurons' impact on the network output. This limitation is due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Simon C. Marshall , Jan H. Kirchner

Modularity is a well-established concept for assessing community structures in various single and multi-layer networks, including those in biological and social domains. Brain networks are known to exhibit community structure at local,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-05 Avalon Campbell-Cousins , Federica Guazzo , Mark Bastin , Mario A. Parra , Javier Escudero

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on multiple-choice question answering benchmarks, but the complex mechanisms underlying their large-scale neurons remain opaque, posing significant challenges for understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Wenjie Li , Guansong Pang , Hezhe Qiao , Debin Gao , David Lo

Despite differences in brain sizes and cognitive niches among mammals, their cerebral cortices posses many common features and regularities. These regularities have been a subject of experimental investigation in neuroanatomy for the last…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Jan Karbowski

Traditional approaches to understanding the brain's resilience to neuropathology have identified neurophysiological variables, often described as brain or cognitive 'reserve,' associated with better outcomes. However, mechanisms of function…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-01-18 John D. Medaglia , Fabio Pasqualetti , Roy H. Hamilton , Sharon L. Thompson-Schill , Danielle S. Bassett

This paper represents a contribution to the study of the brain functional connectivity from the perspective of complex networks theory. More specifically, we apply graph theoretical analyses to provide evidence of the modular structure of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-06 Giampiero Bardella , Angelo Bifone , Andrea Gabrielli , Alessandro Gozzi , Tiziano Squartini

The human brain has inspired novel concepts complementary to classical and quantum computing architectures, such as artificial neural networks and neuromorphic computers, but it is not clear how their performances compare. Here we report a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-25 Céline van Valkenhoef , Catherine Schuman , Philip Walther

Modern computational neuroscience strives to develop complex network models to explain dynamics and function of brains in health and disease. This process goes hand in hand with advancements in the theory of neuronal networks and increasing…

Finding general principles underlying brain function has been appealing to scientists. Indeed, in some branches of science like physics and chemistry (and to some degree biology) a general theory often can capture the essence of a wide…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-22 Shervin Safavi

Conventional neuroimaging analyses have revealed the computational specificity of localized brain regions, exploiting the power of the subtraction technique in fMRI and event-related potential analyses in EEG. Moving beyond this convention,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-06-15 Javier O. Garcia , Justin Brooks , Scott Kerick , Tony Johnson , Tim Mullen , Jean M. Vettel

Many physical and biological systems can be studied using complex network theory, a new statistical physics understanding of graph theory. The recent application of complex network theory to the study of functional brain networks generated…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-06-17 D. Papo , M. Zanin , J. A. Pineda-Pardo , S. Boccaletti , J. M. Buldú

Endowing brain anatomy, dynamics, and function with a network structure is becoming standard in neuroscience. In its simplest form, a network is a collection of units and relationships between them. The pattern of relations among the units…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-22 David Papo , Javier M. Buldú

Neural networks have succeeded in many reasoning tasks. Empirically, these tasks require specialized network structures, e.g., Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) perform well on many such tasks, but less structured networks fail. Theoretically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Keyulu Xu , Jingling Li , Mozhi Zhang , Simon S. Du , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Stefanie Jegelka