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Learning with few samples is a major challenge for parameter-rich models like deep networks. In contrast, people learn complex new concepts even from very few examples, suggesting that the sample complexity of learning can often be reduced.…

The accuracy of machine learning systems is a widely studied research topic. Established techniques such as cross-validation predict the accuracy on unseen data of the classifier produced by applying a given learning method to a given…

Human attribute identification and classification are crucial in computer vision, driving the development of innovative recognition systems. Traditional gender classification methods primarily rely on facial recognition, which, while…

Machine learning models often perform poorly on subgroups that are underrepresented in the training data. Yet, little is understood on the variation in mechanisms that cause subpopulation shifts, and how algorithms generalize across such…

As machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly used in social domains to make predictions about humans, there is a growing concern that these algorithms may exhibit biases against certain social groups. Numerous notions of fairness…

Student repetition in secondary education imposes significant resource burdens, particularly in resource-constrained contexts. Addressing this challenge, this study introduces a unified machine learning framework that simultaneously…

Scoring models support decision-making in financial institutions. Their estimation and evaluation are based on the data of previously accepted applicants with known repayment behavior. This creates sampling bias: the available labeled data…

Biological systems are often modelled at different levels of abstraction depending on the particular aims/resources of a study. Such different models often provide qualitatively concordant predictions over specific parametrisations, but it…

This pedagogical review examines the use of machine learning methods in finite-population inference for survey sampling, with an emphasis on design-based validity and statistical inference. While flexible prediction tools offer substantial…

Few-shot image classification learns to recognize new categories from limited labelled data. Metric learning based approaches have been widely investigated, where a query sample is classified by finding the nearest prototype from the…

The accuracy and completeness of population estimation would significantly impact the allocation of public resources. However, the current census paradigm experiences a non-negligible level of under-counting. Existing solutions to this…

Rural building mapping is paramount to support demographic studies and plan actions in response to crisis that affect those areas. Rural building annotations exist in OpenStreetMap (OSM), but their quality and quantity are not sufficient…

Binary classification is a task that involves the classification of data into one of two distinct classes. It is widely utilized in various fields. However, conventional classifiers tend to make overconfident predictions for data that…

Satellite imagery has emerged as an important tool to analyse demographic, health, and development indicators. While various deep learning models have been built for these tasks, each is specific to a particular problem, with few standard…

Machine learning has automated much of financial fraud detection, notifying firms of, or even blocking, questionable transactions instantly. However, data imbalance starves traditionally trained models of the content necessary to detect…

We present an algorithm for solving binary classification problems when the dataset is not fully representative of the problem being solved, and obtaining more data is not possible. It relies on a trained model with loose accuracy…

Modern pattern recognition tasks use complex algorithms that take advantage of large datasets to make more accurate predictions than traditional algorithms such as decision trees or k-nearest-neighbor better suited to describe simple…

Spatial models for occupancy data are used to estimate and map the true presence of a species, which may depend on biotic and abiotic factors as well as spatial autocorrelation. Traditionally researchers have accounted for spatial…

Machine learning has opened up new tools for financial fraud detection. Using a sample of annotated transactions, a machine learning classification algorithm learns to detect frauds. With growing credit card transaction volumes and rising…

In this paper, the problem of training a classifier on a dataset with incomplete features is addressed. We assume that different subsets of features (random or structured) are available at each data instance. This situation typically occurs…