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Given a graph $G(V, E)$ and a positive integer $k$ ($k \geq 1$), a simple path on $k$ vertices is a sequence of $k$ vertices in which no vertex appears more than once and each consecutive pair of vertices in the sequence are connected by an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Thai Bui

We present new invariants, APN-extendibility criterion and a backtracking approach to identify several numerical facts supporting the conjecture that the set of 6-bit \APN functions is limited to 14 CCZ-classes.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Valérie Gillot ad Philippe Langevin

Three problems related to the longest chains in an equivalence relation are formulated. Their relevance in estimating the cardinal of quotient spaces, and in particular, of reduced powers and ultrapowers, is indicated.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-07-06 Elemer E Rosinger

A necklace is an equivalence class of words of length $n$ over an alphabet under the cyclic shift (rotation) operation. As a classical object, there have been many algorithmic results for key operations on necklaces, including counting,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Duncan Adamson , Argyrios Deligkas , Vladimir V. Gusev , Igor Potapov

It is known that there are 21 ribbon knots with 10 crossings or fewer. We show that for every ribbon knot, there exists a tangle that satisfies two properties associated with the knot. First, under a specific closure, the closed tangle is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin

We define a cap in the affine geometry AG(n,2) to be a subset in which every collection of four points is in general position. In this paper, we classify, up to affine equivalence, all caps in AG(7,2) of size k greater than or equal to 10.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Karianne Calta , Timothy E. Goldberg , Lauren L. Rose

The quantum query complexity of subgraph-containment problems, which ask whether a given subgraph $H$ is present in an input graph $G$, has been the subject of considerable study. However, even for relatively simple subgraphs, such as paths…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Arjan Cornelissen , Amin Shiraz Gilani , Subhasree Patro

This study investigated the unitary equivalent classes of one-dimensional quantum walks. We determined the unitary equivalent classes of one-dimensional quantum walks, two-phase quantum walks with one defect, complete two-phase quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-04-27 Hiromichi Ohno

A grid class consists of permutations whose pictorial depiction can be partitioned into increasing and decreasing parts as determined by a given matrix. In this paper, we introduce a method for enumerating cyclic permutations in vector grid…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-27 Kassie Archer , L. -K. Lauderdale

A closed plane meander of order $n$ is a closed self-avoiding curve intersecting an infinite line $2n$ times. Meanders are considered distinct up to any smooth deformation leaving the line fixed. We have developed an improved algorithm,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Iwan Jensen

Given a graph, the general problem to cover the maximum number of vertices by a collection of vertex-disjoint long paths seemingly escapes from the literature. A path containing at least $k$ vertices is considered long. When $k \le 3$, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Mingyang Gong , Brett Edgar , Jing Fan , Guohui Lin , Eiji Miyano

An enumeration is given of certain equivalence classes of directed multigraphs having 0 to 5 nodes with each node having 2 incoming and 2 outgoing arcs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 C. C. Briggs

The Longest Path Problem is a question of finding the maximum length between pairs of vertices of a graph. In the general case, the problem is NP-complete. However, there is a small collection of graph classes for which there exists an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Omar Al - Khazali

A path system in a graph $G$ is a collection of paths, with exactly one path between any two vertices in $G$. A path system is said to be consistent if it is intersection-closed. We show that the number of consistent path systems on $n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Daniel Cizma , Nati Linial

This paper starts the Wilf-classification of mesh patterns of length 2. Although there are initially 1024 patterns to consider we introduce automatic methods to reduce the number of potentially different Wilf-classes to at most 65. By…

We consider the class of directed graphs with $N\geq 1$ edges and without loops shorter than $k\geq1$. Using the concept of a labelled graph, we determine graphs from this class that maximize the number of all paths of length $k$. Then we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Piotr M. Hajac , Oskar M. Stachowiak

The present paper is concerned with the enumeration of the state diagrams for some classes of knot shadows endowed with the usual connected sum operation. We focus on shadows that are recursively generated by knot shadows with up to 3…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Franck Ramaharo

The classical Chung-Feller theorem [2] tells us that the number of Dyck paths of length $n$ with $m$ flaws is the $n$-th Catalan number and independent on $m$. In this paper, we consider the refinements of Dyck paths with flaws by four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-16 Jun Ma , Yeong-Nan Yeh

We present three bijections, the first between little Schr\"{o}der paths and a class of growth-constrained integer sequences, the second between lattice paths consisting of steps with nonnegative slope and another class of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-14 David Callan

A class of countable infinite graphs with unbounded vertex degree is considered. In these graphs, the vertices of large degree `repel' each other, which means that the path distance between two such vertices cannot be smaller than a certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-22 Dorota Kȩpa-Maksymowicz , Yuri Kozitsky