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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) deliver state-of-the-art performance in many image recognition and understanding applications. However, despite their outstanding performance, these models are black-boxes and it is hard to understand how they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Moustafa Alzantot , Amy Widdicombe , Simon Julier , Mani Srivastava

Interpreting how does deep neural networks (DNNs) make predictions is a vital field in artificial intelligence, which hinders wide applications of DNNs. Visualization of learned representations helps we humans understand the vision of DNNs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Chen Li , Jinzhe Jiang , Xin Zhang , Tonghuan Zhang , Yaqian Zhao , Dongdong Jiang , RenGang Li

Selecting an appropriate divergence measure is a critical aspect of machine learning, as it directly impacts model performance. Among the most widely used, we find the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, originally introduced in kinetic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Gennaro Auricchio , Giovanni Brigati , Paolo Giudici , Giuseppe Toscani

We propose a lightweight and single-pass uncertainty quantification method for detecting hallucinations in Large Language Models. The method uses attention matrices to estimate uncertainty without requiring repeated sampling or external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Gijs van Dijk

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have revolutionized various fields of vision research and have seen unprecedented adoption for multiple tasks such as classification, detection, captioning, etc. However, they offer little…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Konda Reddy Mopuri , Utsav Garg , R. Venkatesh Babu

We propose a general framework called Network Dissection for quantifying the interpretability of latent representations of CNNs by evaluating the alignment between individual hidden units and a set of semantic concepts. Given any CNN model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-20 David Bau , Bolei Zhou , Aditya Khosla , Aude Oliva , Antonio Torralba

We propose a random convolutional neural network to generate a feature space in which we study image classification and retrieval performance. Put briefly we apply random convolutional blocks followed by global average pooling to generate a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Yunzhe Xue , Usman Roshan

In this paper, we present contemporary techniques for visualising the feature space of a deep learning image classification neural network. These techniques are viewed in the context of a feed-forward network trained to classify low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Ezra Webb , Cheng Lei , Chun-Jung Huang , Hirofumi Kobayashi , Hideharu Mikami , Keisuke Goda

Modeling the distribution of natural images is a landmark problem in unsupervised learning. This task requires an image model that is at once expressive, tractable and scalable. We present a deep neural network that sequentially predicts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-22 Aaron van den Oord , Nal Kalchbrenner , Koray Kavukcuoglu

We present a method for neural network interpretability by combining feature attribution with counterfactual explanations to generate attribution maps that highlight the most discriminative features between pairs of classes. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nils Eckstein , Alexander S. Bates , Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis , Jan Funke

In this paper, we address the challenge of Perspective-Invariant Learning in machine learning and computer vision, which involves enabling a network to understand images from varying perspectives to achieve consistent semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Deyi Ji , Feng Zhao , Lanyun Zhu , Wenwei Jin , Hongtao Lu , Jieping Ye

Deep nonlinear models pose a challenge for fitting parameters due to lack of knowledge of the hidden layer and the potentially non-affine relation of the initial and observed layers. In the present work we investigate the use of information…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Jacob S. Hunter , Nathan O. Hodas

Convolutional Neural Networks demonstrate high performance on ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenges contest. Nevertheless, the published results only show the overall performance for all image classes. There is no further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Mingming Wang

Learning word representations has garnered greater attention in the recent past due to its diverse text applications. Word embeddings encapsulate the syntactic and semantic regularities of sentences. Modelling word embedding as multi-sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 P. Jayashree , Ballijepalli Shreya , P. K. Srijith

Feature representations, both hand-designed and learned ones, are often hard to analyze and interpret, even when they are extracted from visual data. We propose a new approach to study image representations by inverting them with an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-28 Alexey Dosovitskiy , Thomas Brox

Recently, many methods to interpret and visualize deep neural network predictions have been proposed and significant progress has been made. However, a more class-discriminative and visually pleasing explanation is required. Thus, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Dasom Seo , Kanghan Oh , Il-Seok Oh

Our proposed framework attempts to break the trade-off between performance and explainability by introducing an explainable-by-design convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the lateral inhibition mechanism. The ExplaiNet model consists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Pantelis I. Kaplanoglou , Konstantinos Diamantaras

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have become state-of-the-art in the field of image classification. However, not everything is understood about their inner representations. This paper tackles the interpretability and explainability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Brian Kenji Iwana , Ryohei Kuroki , Seiichi Uchida

Image segmentation is considered to be one of the critical tasks in hyperspectral remote sensing image processing. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) has established itself as a powerful model in segmentation and classification by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Fahim Irfan Alam , Jun Zhou , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Xiuping Jia , Jocelyn Chanussot , Yongsheng Gao

Deep learning has gained great success in various classification tasks. Typically, deep learning models learn underlying features directly from data, and no underlying relationship between classes are included. Similarity between classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Xueli Xiao , Chunyan Ji , Thosini Bamunu Mudiyanselage , Yi Pan