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In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) systems have come to the forefront. These systems, mostly based on Deep learning (DL), achieve excellent results in areas such as image processing, natural language processing, or speech…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Frantisek Sefcik , Wanda Benesova

The widespread use of deep neural networks has achieved substantial success in many tasks. However, there still exists a huge gap between the operating mechanism of deep learning models and human-understandable decision making, so that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Xiaowei Zhou , Jie Yin , Ivor Tsang , Chen Wang

Neural Networks require large amounts of memory and compute to process high resolution images, even when only a small part of the image is actually informative for the task at hand. We propose a method based on a differentiable Top-K…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier , Aravindh Mahendran , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Dirk Weissenborn , Jakob Uszkoreit , Thomas Unterthiner

In this paper, we introduce a new image representation based on a multilayer kernel machine. Unlike traditional kernel methods where data representation is decoupled from the prediction task, we learn how to shape the kernel with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-26 Julien Mairal

Fine-grained classification is challenging because categories can only be discriminated by subtle and local differences. Variances in the pose, scale or rotation usually make the problem more difficult. Most fine-grained classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Tianjun Xiao , Yichong Xu , Kuiyuan Yang , Jiaxing Zhang , Yuxin Peng , Zheng Zhang

The concept of Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is a technique to stabilize classification and regression problems with ambiguous and/or imbalanced labels. A prototypical use-case of LDL is human age estimation based on profile images.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Maurice Günder , Nico Piatkowski , Christian Bauckhage

Transparency and explainability in image classification are essential for establishing trust in machine learning models and detecting biases and errors. State-of-the-art explainability methods generate saliency maps to show where a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Matteo Bianchi , Antonio De Santis , Andrea Tocchetti , Marco Brambilla

Explaining deep neural networks is challenging, due to their large size and non-linearity. In this paper, we introduce a concept-based explanation method, in order to explain the prediction for an individual class, as well as contrasting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rudolf Herdt , Daniel Otero Baguer

Existing multi-view classification and clustering methods typically improve task accuracy by leveraging and fusing information from different views. However, ensuring the reliability of multi-view integration and final decisions is crucial,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhipeng Xue , Yan Zhang , Ming Li , Chun Li , Yue Liu , Fei Yu

Neural artistic style transfers and blends the content and style representation of one image with the style of another. This enables artists to create unique innovative visuals and enhances artistic expression in various fields including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Justin London

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations. Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Quanshi Zhang , Song-Chun Zhu

Deep convolutional neural networks have proven their effectiveness, and have been acknowledged as the most dominant method for image classification. However, a severe drawback of deep convolutional neural networks is poor explainability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Bin Wang , Wenbin Pei , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

We review recent results about the maximal values of the Kullback-Leibler information divergence from statistical models defined by neural networks, including naive Bayes models, restricted Boltzmann machines, deep belief networks, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-18 Guido Montufar , Johannes Rauh , Nihat Ay

The current deep neural network algorithm still stays in the end-to-end training supervision method like Image-Label pairs, which makes traditional algorithm is difficult to explain the reason for the results, and the prediction logic is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yishuang Tian , Ning Wang , Liang Zhang

The learning of the region proposal in object detection using the deep neural networks (DNN) is divided into two tasks: binary classification and bounding box regression task. However, traditional RPN (Region Proposal Network) defines these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Geonseok Seo , Jaeyoung Yoo , Jaeseok Choi , Nojun Kwak

The success of recent deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) depends on learning hidden representations that can summarize the important factors of variation behind the data. However, CNNs often criticized as being black boxes that lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Bolei Zhou , David Bau , Aude Oliva , Antonio Torralba

This paper addresses the visualisation of image classification models, learnt using deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNets). We consider two visualisation techniques, based on computing the gradient of the class score with respect to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Karen Simonyan , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is frequently used in data science. For discrete distributions on large state spaces, approximations of probability vectors may result in a few small negative entries, rendering the KL divergence…

With the widespread applications of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), it becomes increasingly important for DCNNs not only to make accurate predictions but also to explain how they make their decisions. In this work, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Xinrui Cui , Dan Wang , Z. Jane Wang

While deep neural networks (DNN) have become an effective computational tool, the prediction results are often criticized by the lack of interpretability, which is essential in many real-world applications such as health informatics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Qingquan Song , Xia Hu