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Primordial black holes (PBHs) have been proposed to explain at least a portion of dark matter. Observations have put strong constraints on PBHs in terms of the fraction of dark matter which they can represent, $f_{\rm PBH}$, across a wide…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Jie-Shuang Wang , Antonio Herrera-Martín , Yi-Ming Hu

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) remain a Dark Matter (DM) candidate of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Previously, we proposed a new method of constraining the remaining PBH DM mass range using microlensing of stars monitored by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Agnieszka M. Cieplak , Kim Griest

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB), arising from the incoherent superposition of numerous compact binary coalescences, serves as a powerful probe of both astrophysical populations and fundamental physics. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 Mingqi Sun , Kai Liao , Xi-Long Fan

If the Dark Matter consists of primordial black holes (PBHs), we show that gravitational lensing of stars being monitored by NASA's Kepler search for extra-solar planets can cause significant numbers of detectable microlensing events. A…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Kim Griest , Matthew J. Lehner , Agnieszka M. Cieplak , Bhuvnesh Jain

Gravitational lensing of short astrophysical transients provides a uniquely direct avenue for searching for primordial black holes (PBHs) across a vast range of masses. While past search efforts have focused on particular source…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-22 Stefano Profumo

Primordial black holes (PBHs) may form in the early stages of the Universe via the collapse of large density perturbations. Depending on the formation mechanism, PBHs may exist and populate today the galactic halos and have masses in a wide…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-13 Lindita Hamolli , Mimoza Hafizi , Francesco De Paolis , Achille A. Nucita

Although dark matter in galaxies may consist of elementary particles different from those that make up ordinary matter and that would be smoothly distributed (still undetected), the so-called primordial black holes (PBHs) formed soon after…

If dark matter (DM) consists of primordial black holes (PBHs) and particles simultaneously, PBHs are generically embedded within particle DM halos. Such ``dressed PBHs'' (dPBHs) are subject to modified constraints compared to PBHs and can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-10 Han Gil Choi , Sunghoon Jung , Philip Lu , Volodymyr Takhistov

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are dark matter candidates that span broad mass ranges from $10^{-17}$ $M_\odot$ to $\sim 100$ $M_\odot$. We show that the stochastic gravitational wave background can be a powerful window for the detection of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Suvodip Mukherjee , Matthew S. P. Meinema , Joseph Silk

We study gravitational wave microlensing by primordial black holes (PBHs), accounting for the effect of a particle dark matter minihalo surrounding them. Such minihaloes are expected when PBHs make up only a fraction of all dark matter. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-14 Juan Urrutia , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe

We review numerous arguments for primordial black holes (PBHs) based on observational evidence from a variety of lensing, dynamical, accretion and gravitational-wave effects. This represents a shift from the usual emphasis on PBH…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-06 Bernard Carr , Sebastien Clesse , Juan Garcia-Bellido , Michael Hawkins , Florian Kuhnel

Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $10^{-16}-10^{-11}~M_\odot$ may constitute all the dark matter. We show that gravitational microlensing of bright x-ray pulsars provide the most robust and immediately implementable…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-03 Manish Tamta , Nirmal Raj , Prateek Sharma

Primordial black holes (PBHs), theorized to have originated in the early universe, are speculated to be a viable form of dark matter. If they exist, they should be detectable through photometric and astrometric signals resulting from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-10 K. Pruett , W. Dawson , M. S. Medford , C. Lam , J. R. Lu , S. Perkins , P. McGill , N. Golovich , G. Chapline

Primordial black holes (PBHs) hidden in the incredible bulk of the dark dimension could escape constraints from non-observation of their Hawking radiation. Since these five-dimensional (5D) PBHs are bigger, colder, and longer-lived than…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-08 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Ignatios Antoniadis , Dieter Lust , Karem Peñaló Castillo

Primordial Black Holes (PBH) are hypothesised to form during inflation and have long been considered a candidate for compact dark matter. Gravitational microlensing is known as a productive method for exoplanet discovery and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Renee Key , Edward N. Taylor , Ken C. Freeman , Jeremy Mould , Abhijit Saha , Anais Möller , Timothy M. C. Abbott , Alan R. Duffy

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are of interest in many cosmological contexts. PBHs lighter than about 1012 kg are predicted to be directly detectable by their Hawking radiation. This radiation should produce both a diffuse extragalactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-05 Jane H MacGibbon , Tilan N. Ukwatta , J. T. Linnemann , S. S. Marinelli , D. Stump , K. Tollefson

Microlensing of stars, e.g. in the Galactic bulge and Andromeda galaxy (M31), is among the most robust, powerful method to constrain primordial black holes (PBHs) that are a viable candidate of dark matter. If PBHs are in the mass range…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-31 Sunao Sugiyama , Toshiki Kurita , Masahiro Takada

The detection of primordial black holes (PBHs) would mark a major breakthrough, with far-reaching implications for early universe cosmology, fundamental physics, and the nature of dark matter. Gravitational wave observations have recently…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Andrea Begnoni , Stefano Profumo

Formation of significant number of primordial black holes (PBHs) is realized if and only if primordial density fluctuations have a large amplitude, which means that tensor perturbations generated from these scalar perturbations as a second…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-06 Ryo Saito , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

This is a review article on the primordial black holes (PBHs), with particular focus on the massive ones ($\gtrsim 10^{15}{\rm g}$) which have not evaporated by the present epoch by the Hawking radiation. By the detections of gravitational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-14 Misao Sasaki , Teruaki Suyama , Takahiro Tanaka , Shuichiro Yokoyama
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