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Dual control addresses the trade-off between exploitation and exploration, where control inputs both regulate the system and generate informative data for estimation and identification. For certain problem classes, control and estimation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Tren Baltussen , Nathan P. Lawrence , Alexander Katriniok , Ali Mesbah , Maurice Heemels

Self-supervised learning has become an increasingly important paradigm in the domain of machine intelligence. Furthermore, evidence for self-supervised adaptation, such as contrastive formulations, has emerged in recent computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Alexander Ororbia , Karl Friston , Rajesh P. N. Rao

Testing for conditional independence is a core aspect of constraint-based causal discovery. Although commonly used tests are perfect in theory, they often fail to reject independence in practice, especially when conditioning on multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-13 Alexander Marx , Jilles Vreeken

Given independent samples generated from the joint distribution $p(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y},\mathbf{z})$, we study the problem of Conditional Independence (CI-Testing), i.e., whether the joint equals the CI distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-27 Rajat Sen , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Himanshu Asnani , Arman Rahimzamani , Sreeram Kannan

One of the main challenges in the field of embodied artificial intelligence is the open-ended autonomous learning of complex behaviours. Our approach is to use task-independent, information-driven intrinsic motivation(s) to support…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Keyan Zahedi , Georg Martius , Nihat Ay

Testing conditional independence has many applications, such as in Bayesian network learning and causal discovery. Different test methods have been proposed. However, existing methods generally can not work when only discretized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-19 Boyang Sun , Yu Yao , Guang-Yuan Hao , Yumou Qiu , Kun Zhang

Deep learning methods have proved highly effective for classification and image recognition problems. In this paper, we ask whether this success can be transferred to hypothesis testing: if a neural network can distinguish, for example, an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-30 Gery Geenens , Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux , Ivan Muyun Zou

The maximal information coefficient (MIC), which measures the amount of dependence between two variables, is able to detect both linear and non-linear associations. However, computational cost grows rapidly as a function of the dataset…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-18 Ali Mousavi , Richard G. Baraniuk

We introduce a nonparametric graphical model for discrete node variables based on additive conditional independence. Additive conditional independence is a three way statistical relation that shares similar properties with conditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-30 Jun Tao , Bing Li , Lingzhou Xue

We propose two types of Quantile Graphical Models (QGMs) --- Conditional Independence Quantile Graphical Models (CIQGMs) and Prediction Quantile Graphical Models (PQGMs). CIQGMs characterize the conditional independence of distributions by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Alexandre Belloni , Mingli Chen , Victor Chernozhukov

We study conditional independence under infinite measures on punctured product spaces, a notion recently introduced for graphical modeling in multivariate extremes and L\'evy processes. In contrast to classical probabilistic conditional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Shuyang Bai , Vishal Routh

The concept of independence plays a crucial role in probability theory and has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Numerous approaches have been proposed to test for independence; however, most of them address the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Bogdan Ćmiel , Bartłomiej Gibas

We propose an estimator of the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion obtained from an appropriate modification of the usual estimator. We then get asymptotic normality of this estimator both under independence hypothesis and under the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Terence Kevin Manfoumbi Djonguet , Guy Martial Nkiet , Alban Mbina Mbina

State-of-the-art neurosymbolic learning systems use probabilistic reasoning to guide neural networks towards predictions that conform to logical constraints over symbols. Many such systems assume that the probabilities of the considered…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-10 Emile van Krieken , Pasquale Minervini , Edoardo M. Ponti , Antonio Vergari

Determining whether perceptual properties are processed independently is an important goal in perceptual science, and tools to test independence should be widely available to experimental researchers. The best analytical tools to test for…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-12 Fabian A. Soto , Emily Zheng , Johnny Fonseca , F. Greg Ashby

We describe a novel non-parametric statistical hypothesis test of relative dependence between a source variable and two candidate target variables. Such a test enables us to determine whether one source variable is significantly more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-28 Wacha Bounliphone , Arthur Gretton , Arthur Tenenhaus , Matthew Blaschko

Learning the Markov network structure from data is a problem that has received considerable attention in machine learning, and in many other application fields. This work focuses on a particular approach for this purpose called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Alejandro Edera , Federico Schlüter , Facundo Bromberg

Recognizing, quantifying and visualizing associations between two variables is increasingly important. This paper investigates how a new function-valued measure of dependence, the quantile dependence function, can be used to construct tests…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-16 Ćmiel Bogdan , Ledwina Teresa

We discuss how MultiFIT, the Multiscale Fisher's Independence Test for Multivariate Dependence proposed by Gorsky and Ma (2022), compares to existing linear-time kernel tests based on the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC). We…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-23 Antonin Schrab , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Zoltán Szabó , Dino Sejdinovic , Arthur Gretton

Kernel-based conditional independence (KCI) testing is a powerful nonparametric method commonly employed in causal discovery tasks. Despite its flexibility and statistical reliability, cubic computational complexity limits its application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Oliver Schacht , Biwei Huang