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Distance multivariance is a multivariate dependence measure, which can detect dependencies between an arbitrary number of random vectors each of which can have a distinct dimension. Here we discuss several new aspects, present a concise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Björn Böttcher

Evaluating machine unlearning remains challenging, as existing methods typically require retraining reference models or performing membership inference attacks, both of which rely on prior access to training configuration or supervision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenhao Zhang , Muxing Li , Feng Liu , Weitong Chen , Miao Xu

In unsupervised ensemble learning, one obtains predictions from multiple sources or classifiers, yet without knowing the reliability and expertise of each source, and with no labeled data to assess it. The task is to combine these possibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Ariel Jaffe , Ethan Fetaya , Boaz Nadler , Tingting Jiang , Yuval Kluger

Testing conditional independence between two random vectors given a third is a fundamental and challenging problem in statistics, particularly in multivariate nonparametric settings due to the complexity of conditional structures. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-28 Chenxuan He , Yuan Gao , Liping Zhu , Jian Huang

We introduce a framework for filtering features that employs the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) as a measure of dependence between the features and the labels. The key idea is that good features should maximise such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Le Song , Alex Smola , Arthur Gretton , Karsten Borgwardt , Justin Bedo

We propose two model-free, permutation-based tests of independence between a pair of random variables. The tests can be applied to samples from any bivariate distribution: continuous, discrete or mixture of those, with light tails or heavy…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-16 Jiří Dvořák , Tomáš Mrkvička

We demonstrate how to test for conditional independence of two variables with categorical data using Poisson log-linear models. The size of the conditioning set of variables can vary from 0 (simple independence) up to many variables. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-08 Michail Tsagris

Conditional independence testing is an important problem, especially in Bayesian network learning and causal discovery. Due to the curse of dimensionality, testing for conditional independence of continuous variables is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Kun Zhang , Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Conditional randomization tests (CRTs) assess whether a variable $x$ is predictive of another variable $y$, having observed covariates $z$. CRTs require fitting a large number of predictive models, which is often computationally…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-12 Mukund Sudarshan , Aahlad Manas Puli , Wesley Tansey , Rajesh Ranganath

Kernel dependence measures yield accurate estimates of nonlinear relations between random variables, and they are also endorsed with solid theoretical properties and convergence rates. Besides, the empirical estimates are easy to compute in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-03 Adrián Pérez-Suay , Gustau Camps-Valls

Independence testing is a fundamental problem in statistical inference: given samples from a joint distribution $p$ over multiple random variables, the goal is to determine whether $p$ is a product distribution or is $\epsilon$-far from all…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Maryam Aliakbarpour , Alireza Azizi , Ria Stevens

In many real-world scenarios, interested variables are often represented as discretized values due to measurement limitations. Applying Conditional Independence (CI) tests directly to such discretized data, however, can lead to incorrect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Boyang Sun , Yu Yao , Xinshuai Dong , Zongfang Liu , Tongliang Liu , Yumou Qiu , Kun Zhang

Conditional independence is a fundamental concept in many areas of statistical research, including, for example, sufficient dimension reduction, causal inference, and statistical graphical models. In many modern applications, data arise in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Yin Tang , Bing Li

Notions of counterfactual invariance (CI) have proven essential for predictors that are fair, robust, and generalizable in the real world. We propose graphical criteria that yield a sufficient condition for a predictor to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Francesco Quinzan , Cecilia Casolo , Krikamol Muandet , Yucen Luo , Niki Kilbertus

Test of independence is of fundamental importance in modern data analysis, with broad applications in variable selection, graphical models, and causal inference. When the data is high dimensional and the potential dependence signal is…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-13 Zhanrui Cai , Jing Lei , Kathryn Roeder

Conditional local independence is an asymmetric independence relation among continuous time stochastic processes. It describes whether the evolution of one process is directly influenced by another process given the histories of additional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Alexander Mangulad Christgau , Lasse Petersen , Niels Richard Hansen

This work addresses testing the independence of two continuous and finite-dimensional random variables from the design of a data-driven partition. The empirical log-likelihood statistic is adopted to approximate the sufficient statistics of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-19 Mauricio E. Gonzalez , Jorge F. Silva , Miguel Videla , Marcos E. Orchard

Model selection and learning the structure of graphical models from the data sample constitutes an important field of probabilistic graphical model research, as in most of the situations the structure is unknown and has to be learnt from…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-14 Niharika Gauraha

Conditional independence and graphical models are well studied for probability distributions on product spaces. We propose a new notion of conditional independence for any measure $\Lambda$ on the punctured Euclidean space $\mathbb…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Sebastian Engelke , Jevgenijs Ivanovs , Kirstin Strokorb

Testing two potentially multivariate variables for statistical dependence on the basis finite samples is a fundamental statistical challenge. Here we explore a family of tests that adapt to the complexity of the relationship between the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-23 Baihan Lin , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte