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In-vehicle communications are not designed for message exchange between the vehicles and outside systems originally. Thus, the security design of message protection is insufficient. Moreover, the internal devices do not have enough…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Donghyun Yu , Ruei-Hau Hsu , Jemin Lee

The operation of many network communication protocols require accurate time synchronization between nodes. In the automotive space, IEEE 802.3bw (commonly referred to as automotive ethernet) is quickly becoming the most popular in-vehicle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-26 Rishikesh Kakade , Joey Chou , Shannon Torcato

Current research in the automotive domain has proven the limitations of the CAN protocol from a security standpoint. Application-layer attacks, which involve the creation of malicious packets, are deemed feasible from remote but can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Alvise de Faveri Tron , Stefano Longari , Michele Carminati , Mario Polino , Stefano Zanero

Data for controlling a vehicle is exchanged among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) via in-vehicle network protocols such as the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. Since these protocols are designed for an isolated network, the protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Sang Uk Sagong , Radha Poovendran , Linda Bushnell

The lack of any sender authentication mechanism in place makes CAN (Controller Area Network) vulnerable to security threats. For instance, an attacker can impersonate an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) on the bus and send spoofed messages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Shailja Thakur , Carlos Moreno , Sebastian Fischmeister

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is considered as the de-facto standard for the in-vehicle communications due to its real-time performance and high reliability. Unfortunately, the lack of security protection on the CAN bus gives attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhaojun Lu , Qian Wang , Xi Chen , Gang Qu , Yongqiang Lyu , Zhenglin Liu

Vehicles become more vulnerable to remote attackers in modern days due to their increasing connectivity and range of functionality. Such increased attack vectors enable adversaries to access a vehicle Electronic Control Unit (ECU). As of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Marcel Kneib , Oleg Schell , Christopher Huth

The controller area network (CAN) is the most widely used intra-vehicular communication network in the automotive industry. Because of its simplicity in design, it lacks most of the requirements needed for a security-proven communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Riadul Islam , Rafi Ud Daula Refat , Sai Manikanta Yerram , Hafiz Malik

Automobiles are becoming increasingly important in our day to day life. Modern automobiles are highly computerized and hence potentially vulnerable to attack. Providing many wireless connectivity for vehicles enables a bridge between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Akshay Madhav Deshmukh

The network of services, including delivery, farming, and environmental monitoring, has experienced exponential expansion in the past decade with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Yet, UAVs are not robust enough against cyberattacks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Reek Majumder , Gurcan Comert , David Werth , Adrian Gale , Mashrur Chowdhury , M Sabbir Salek

For decades, the Controller Area Network (CAN) has served as the primary in-vehicle bus (IVB) and extended its use to many non-vehicular systems. Over the past years, CAN security has been intensively scrutinized, yielding extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Khaled Serag , Zhaozhou Tang , Sungwoo Kim , Vireshwar Kumar , Dave , Tian , Saman Zonouz , Raheem Beyah , Dongyan Xu , Z. Berkay Celik

Controller Area Network (CAN) is one of the in-vehicle network protocols that is used to communicate among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and has been de-facto standard. CAN is simple and has several vulnerabilities such as unable to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Shuji Ohira , Araya Kibrom Desta , Tomoya Kitagawa , Ismail Arai , Kazutoshi Fujikawa

In recent years, the security of automotive Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) is facing urgent threats due to the widespread use of legacy in-vehicle communication systems. As a representative legacy bus system, the Controller Area Network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Xuhang Ying , Giuseppe Bernieri , Mauro Conti , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

The smart features of modern cars are enabled by a number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) components that communicate through an in-vehicle network, known as Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The fundamental challenge is the security of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Mubark Jedh , Lotfi ben Othmane , Noor Ahmed , Bharat Bhargava

Automotive systems continuously increase their dependency on Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and become more interconnected to improve safety, comfort and Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) functions to passengers and drivers. As a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Shabbir Ahmed , Marcio Juliato , Christopher Gutierrez , Manoj Sastry

As vehicles get equipped with increasingly complex sensors and processors, the communication requirements become more demanding. Traditionally, vehicles have used specialized networking technologies designed to guarantee bounded latencies,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Jean Walrand , Max Turner , Roy Myers

The development of intrusion detection systems (IDS) for the in-vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is one of the main efforts being taken to secure the in-vehicle network against various cyberattacks, which have the potential to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shaila Sharmin , Hafizah Mansor , Andi Fitriah Abdul Kadir , Normaziah A. Aziz

Modern vehicles rely on a myriad of electronic control units (ECUs) interconnected via controller area networks (CANs) for critical operations. Despite their ubiquitous use and reliability, CANs are susceptible to sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 William Marfo , Pablo Moriano , Deepak K. Tosh , Shirley V. Moore

Ensuring a car's internal systems are free from security vulnerabilities is of utmost importance, especially due to the relationship between security and other properties, such as safety and reliability. We provide the starting point for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Eduardo dos Santos , Andrew Simpson , Dominik Schoop

We introduce a hash chain-based secure cluster. Here, secure cluster refers to a set of vehicles having vehicular secrecy capacity of more than a reference value. Since vehicle communication is performed in such a secure cluster, basically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-01 Na-Young Ahn , Dong Hoon Lee