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Given an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with minimum degree at least $d n$ for some fixed $d > 0$, the distribution $G \cup \mathbb{G}(n,p)$ over the supergraphs of $G$ is referred to as a (random) {\sl perturbation} of $G$. We consider the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Elad Aigner-Horev , Dan Hefetz

A path in an edge-colored graph, where adjacent edges may be colored the same, is a rainbow path if no two edges of it are colored the same. For any two vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$, a rainbow $u-v$ geodesic in $G$ is a rainbow $u-v$ path of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-01 Xueliang Li , Yuefang Sun

A graph $G$ whose edges are coloured (not necessarily properly) contains a full rainbow matching if there is a matching $M$ that contains exactly one edge of each colour. We refute several conjectures on matchings in hypergraphs and full…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-16 Pu Gao , Reshma Ramadurai , Ian M. Wanless , Nick Wormald

A meta-conjecture of Coulson, Keevash, Perarnau and Yepremyan states that above the extremal threshold for a given spanning structure in a (hyper-)graph, one can find a rainbow version of that spanning structure in any suitably bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Amarja Kathapurkar , Patrick Morris , Guillem Perarnau

The flip graph of triangulations has as vertices all triangulations of a convex $n$-gon, and an edge between any two triangulations that differ in exactly one edge. An $r$-rainbow cycle in this graph is a cycle in which every inner edge of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Stefan Felsner , Linda Kleist , Torsten Mütze , Leon Sering

We prove that every 3-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on n vertices without a rainbow triangle contains a set of order Omega(n^{1/3}log^2 n) which uses at most two colors, and this bound is tight up to a constant factor. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-13 J. Fox , A. Grinshpun , J. Pach

Given an edge-colored graph $G$, we denote the number of colors as $c(G)$, and the number of edges as $e(G)$. An edge-colored graph is rainbow if no two edges share the same color. A proper $mK_3$ is a vertex disjoint union of $m$ rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Jürgen Kritschgau , tahda queer , Cyrus Young , Wohua Zhou

A graph is said to be \emph{total-colored} if all the edges and the vertices of the graph are colored. A total-colored graph is \emph{total-rainbow connected} if any two vertices of the graph are connected by a path whose edges and internal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-31 Wenjing Li , Xueliang Li , Colton Magnant , Jingshu Zhang

In this paper we study the randomly edge colored graph that is obtained by adding randomly colored random edges to an arbitrary randomly edge colored dense graph. In particular we ask how many colors and how many random edges are needed so…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-02 Michael Anastos , Alan Frieze

For a given graph $H$ we define $\rho(H)$ to be the minimum order of a graph $G$ such that every proper vertex coloring of $G$ contains a rainbow induced subgraph isomorphic to $H$. We give upper and lower bounds for $\rho(H)$, compute the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-19 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

In this paper we obtain a new sufficient condition for the existence of directed cycles of length 4 in oriented bipartite graphs. As a corollary, a conjecture of H. Li is confirmed. As an application, a sufficient condition for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-14 Bo Ning , Jun Ge

We introduce a method to embed edge-colored graphs into families of expander graphs, which generalizes a framework developed by Dragani\'c, Krivelevich, and Nenadov (2022). As an application, we show that each family of sufficiently…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Ben Lund , Chuandong Xu

One of the most fundamental results in graph theory is Mantel's theorem which determines the maximum number of edges in a triangle-free graph of order $n$. Recently a colorful variant of this problem has been solved. In such a variant we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Sebastian Babiński , Andrzej Grzesik , Magdalena Prorok

An edge-coloring of a graph $H$ is a function $\mathcal{C}: E(H) \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$. We say that $H$ is rainbow if all edges of $H$ have different colors. Given a graph $F$, an edge-colored graph $G$ is $F$-rainbow saturated if $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Yiduo Xu , Zhen He , Mei Lu

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. We use $e(G)$ and $c(G)$ to denote the number of edges of $G$ and the number of colors appearing on $E(G)$, respectively. For a vertex $v\in V(G)$, the \emph{color neighborhood} of $v$ is defined as the set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Shinya Fujita , Bo Ning , Chuandong Xu , Shenggui Zhang

The rainbow number ${\rm rb}(G, H)$ is the minimum number of colors $k$ for which any edge-coloring of $G$ with at least $k$ colors guarantees a rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$. The rainbow number has many applications in diverse fields…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Mengyao Dai , Xin Zhang

We call an edge colouring of a graph G a rainbow colouring if every pair of vertices is joined by a rainbow path, i.e., a path where no two edges have the same colour. The minimum number of colours required for a rainbow colouring of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-03 Annika Heckel , Oliver Riordan

We investigate which graphs H have the property that in every graph with bounded clique number and sufficiently large chromatic number, some induced subgraph is isomorphic to a subdivision of H. In an earlier paper, one of us proved that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-28 Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

A tree in an edge-colored connected graph $G$ is called \emph{a rainbow tree} if no two edges of it are assigned the same color. For a vertex subset $S\subseteq V(G)$, a tree is called an \emph{$S$-tree} if it connects $S$ in $G$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-20 Wenjing Li , Xueliang Li , Jingshu Zhang

A rainbow graph is a graph that admits a vertex-coloring such that every color appears exactly once in the neighborhood of each vertex. We investigate some properties of rainbow graphs. In particular, we show that there is a bijection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Suho Oh , Hwanchul Yoo , Taedong Yun