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The optimal state-independent lower bounds for the sum of variances or deviations of observables are of significance for the growing number of experiments that reach the uncertainty limited regime. We present a framework for computing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Lin Zhang , Shunlong Luo , Shao-Ming Fei , Junde Wu

Entropic uncertainty relations place nontrivial lower bounds to the sum of Shannon information entropies for noncommuting observables. Here we obtain a novel lower bound on the entropy sum for general pairs of observables in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Julio I. de Vicente , Jorge Sánchez-Ruiz

We investigate the product form uncertainty relations of variances for $n\,(n\geq 3)$ quantum observables. In particular, tight uncertainty relations satisfied by three observables has been derived, which is shown to be better than the ones…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-12 Hui-Hui Qin , Shao-Ming Fei , Xianqing Li-Jost

Uncertainty relation lies at the heart of quantum mechanics, characterizing the incompatibility of non-commuting observables in the preparation of quantum states. An important question is how to improve the lower bound of uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-25 Qiu-Cheng Song , Jun-Li Li , Guang-Xiong Peng , Cong-Feng Qiao

Bounded uncertainty relations provide the minimum value of the uncertainty assuming some additional information on the state. We derive analytically an uncertainty relation bounded by a pair of constraints, those of purity and Gaussianity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 A. Mandilara , E. Karpov , N. J. Cerf

As a foundation of modern physics, uncertainty relations describe an ultimate limit for the measurement uncertainty of incompatible observables. Traditionally, uncertain relations are formulated by mathematical bounds for a specific state.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Jie Xie , Songtao Huang , Li Zhou , Aonan Zhang , Huichao Xu , Man-Hong Yung , Nengkun Yu , Lijian Zhang

Measurement uncertainty relations are quantitative bounds on the errors in an approximate joint measurement of two observables. They can be seen as a generalization of the error/disturbance tradeoff first discussed heuristically by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-01 Paul Busch , Pekka Lahti , Reinhard F Werner

We analyze the weak and critical points of various uncertainty relations that follow from the inequalities for the norms of vectors in the Hilbert space of states of a quantum system. There are studied uncertainty relations for sums of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Krzysztof Urbanowski

We derive the lower bound of uncertainty relations of two unitary operators for a class of states based on the geometric-arithmetic inequality and Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Furthermore, we propose a set of uncertainty relations for three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Jing Li , Sujuan Zhang , Lu Liu , Chen-Ming Bai

Entropic uncertainty relations $H(A)+H(B)\geqslant \gamma$ give a nonzero lower bound $\gamma$ to the sum of the Shannon entropies $H$ of the outcome probabilities of incompatible observables $A$ and $B$. They are better than the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Alberto Riccardi , Lorenzo Maccone

Uncertainty and entanglement are both profound and key concepts in quantum theory. For three observables, the tightest uncertainty constants for both product and summation forms are revealed. In this work, we give an alternative proof for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Minyi Huang , Ray-Kuang Lee

For a pair of observables, they are called "incompatible", if and only if the commutator between them does not vanish, which represents one of the key features in quantum mechanics. The question is, how can we characterize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Yunlong Xiao , Cheng Guo , Fei Meng , Naihuan Jing , Man-Hong Yung

A survey on the generalizations of Heisenberg uncertainty relation and a general scheme for their entangled extensions to several states and observables is presented. The scheme is illustrated on the examples of one and two states and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 D. A. Trifonov

It is shown that all the known uncertainty relations are the secondary consequences of Robertson's relation. The basic idea is to use the Heisenberg picture so that the time development of quantum mechanical operators incorporate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-17 Kazuo Fujikawa

A new uncertainty relation (UR) is obtained for a system of N identical pure entangled particles if we use symmetrized observables when deriving the inequality. This new expression can be written in a form where we identify a term which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 Gustavo Rigolin

For angular observables pairs (angular momentum-angle and number-phase) the adequate reference element of normality is not the Robertson-Schr\"{o}dinger uncertainty relation but a Schwarz formula regarding the quantum fluctuations. Beyond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Dumitru

We derive several uncertainty relations for two arbitrary unitary operators acting on physical states of a Hilbert space. We show that our bounds are tighter in various cases than the ones existing in the current literature. Using the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 Shrobona Bagchi , Arun Kumar Pati

We first present a generalization of the Robertson-Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This generalization applies to mixed states and contains a covariance term. For faithful states, we characterize when the uncertainty inequality is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Stanley Gudder

Introductory courses on quantum mechanics usually include lectures on uncertainty relations, typically the inequality derived by Robertson and, perhaps, other statements. For the benefit of the lecturers, we present a unified approach --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-18 Berthold-Georg Englert

Learning physical properties of a quantum system is essential for the developments of quantum technologies. However, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle constrains the potential knowledge one can simultaneously have about a system in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Yunlong Xiao , Naihuan Jing , Bing Yu , Shao-Ming Fei , Xianqing Li-Jost