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A physical unclonable function (PUF) utilizes the unclonable random variations in a device's responses to a set of inputs to produce a unique "biometric" that can be used for authentication. The variations are caused by unpredictable,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Jacob Huber , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide promising hardware security for IoT authentication, leveraging inherent randomness suitable for resource constrained environments. However, ML/DL modeling attacks threaten PUF security by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Joy Acharya , Smit Patel , Paawan Sharma , Mohendra Roy

Boson sampling is a problem for which quantum devices could prove to go beyond classical computing using only linear optics and photon preparation and counting. While theoretically important, there is a lack of practical applications for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-09 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are circuits designed to extract physical randomness from the underlying circuit. This randomness depends on the manufacturing process. It differs for each device enabling chip-level authentication and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Yunxi Guo , Timothy Dee , Akhilesh Tyagi

The physical unclonable functions (PUF) are used to provide software as well as hardware security for the cyber-physical systems. They have been used for performing significant cryptography tasks such as generating keys, device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Arjun Singh Chauhan , Vineet Sahula , Atanendu Sekhar Mandal

Security is of critical importance for the Internet of Things (IoT). Many IoT devices are resource-constrained, calling for lightweight security protocols. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) leverage integrated circuits' variations to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Yu Zhuang , Khalid T. Mursi , Li Gaoxiang

With high integration density and excellent optical properties, silicon photonics is becoming a promising platform for complete integration and large-scale optical quantum information processing. Scalable quantum information applications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-11 Lantian Feng , Ming Zhang , Jianwei Wang , Xiaoqi Zhou , Xiaogang Qiang , Guangcan Guo , Xifeng Ren

A securely maintained key is the premise upon which data stored and transmitted by ubiquitously deployed resource limited devices, such as those in the Internet of Things (IoT), are protected. However, many of these devices lack a secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Yansong Gao , Yang Su , Wei Yang , Shiping Chen , Surya Nepal , Damith C. Ranasinghe

We propose a strong physical unclonable function (PUF) provably secure against machine learning (ML) attacks with both classical and quantum computers. Its security is derived from cryptographic hardness of learning decryption functions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Ye Wang , Xiaodan Xi , Michael Orshansky

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) leverage manufacturing process imperfections that cause propagation delay discrepancies for the signals traveling along these paths. While PUFs can be used for device authentication and chip-specific key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Michael Dominguez , Amin Rezaei

In this article we describe the characteristics of a large integrated linear optical device containing Mach-Zehnder interferometers and describe its potential use as a physically unclonable function. We propose that any tunable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-22 A. Matthew Smith , H S. Jacinto

As the demand for highly secure and dependable lightweight systems increases in the modern world, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) continue to promise a lightweight alternative to high-cost encryption techniques and secure key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Owen Millwood , Jack Miskelly , Bohao Yang , Prosanta Gope , Elif Kavun , Chenghua Lin

We propose a theoretical framework to quantitatively describe Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), including extensions to quantum protocols, so-called Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs). (QR-) PUFs are physical systems with challenge-response…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Giulio Gianfelici , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

By 2025, the internet of things (IoT) is projected to connect over 75 billion devices globally, fundamentally altering how we interact with our environments in both urban and rural settings. However, IoT device security remains challenging,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Brahim Mefgouda , Raviha Khan , Omar Alhussein , Hani Saleh , Hossien B. Eldeeb , Anshul Pandey , Sami Muhaidat

The exponentially increasing number of ubiquitous wireless devices connected to the Internet in Internet of Things (IoT) networks highlights the need for a new paradigm of data flow management in such large-scale networks under software…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Fatemeh Afghah , Bertrand Cambou , Masih Abedini , Sherali Zeadally

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are hardware-oriented primitives that exploit manufacturing variations to generate a unique identity for a physical system. Recent advancements showed how DRAM can be exploited to implement PUFs. DRAM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Fatemeh Najafi , Masoud Kaveh , Mohammad Reza Mosavi , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

As modern cyber systems scale to include large populations of heterogeneous IoT devices, securing them against impersonation and forgery is a critical cybersecurity challenge. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer a lightweight,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xin Wang , Peichun Hua , Chip Hong Chang , Wenye Liu , Yue Zheng

In this work, we examine the potential of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) that have been implemented on NAND Flash memories using programming disturbances to act as sustainable primitives for the purposes of lightweight cryptography.…

We consider a secret key agreement problem in which noisy physical unclonable function (PUF) outputs facilitate reliable, secure, and private key agreement with the help of public, noiseless, and authenticated storage. PUF outputs are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Onur Günlü , Rafael F. Schaefer , H. Vincent Poor

Adaptable, reconfigurable and programmable are key functionalities for the next generation of silicon-based photonic processors, neural and quantum networks. Phase change technology offers proven non-volatile electronic programmability,…