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Consistent formulations of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics involve short lived modes, leading to asymptotic rather than convergent gradient expansions. In this Letter we consider the Mueller-Israel-Stewart theory applied to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-08-31 Michal P. Heller , Michal Spalinski

We investigate the implications of the general frame approach for conformal Bjorken flow beyond the earlier studies. We show that the power series solution at late times is not unique and is accompanied by an exact solution of the form…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-09-02 M. Shokri , F. Taghinavaz

We provide a generalized formulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics for the far-from-equilibrium noisy medium. As an example, we consider a noisy plasma experiencing Bjorken expansion, for which the leading order evolution is captured by…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-06-28 Zenan Chen , Derek Teaney , Li Yan

In the context of the longitudinally boost-invariant Bjorken flow with transverse expansion, we use three different numerical methods to analyze the emergence of attractor solutions in an ideal gas of massless particles exhibiting constant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Sergiu Busuioc , Jan A. Fotakis , Kai Gallmeister , Carsten Greiner

We consider causal higher order theories of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics in the limit of one-dimensional boost-invariant expansion and study the associated dynamical attractor. We obtain evolution equations for the inverse Reynolds…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-09-11 Sunil Jaiswal , Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Amaresh Jaiswal , Subrata Pal , Ulrich Heinz

The time evolution of the averaged energy momentum tensor as well as its variation with energy density are calculated in a far-from-equilibrium state of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory undergoing a Bjorken expansion. The calculation is carried…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-07 Casey Cartwright , Matthias Kaminski , Marco Knipfer

Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-19 Paul Romatschke

In this work, we study the 1+1 longitudinal acceleration expansion of hot and dense quark matter as a conducting relativistic fluid with the electric conductivity $\sigma$. The plasma has embedded in the presence of electric and magnetic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-11-11 A. F. Kord , A. Ghaani , M. Haddadi Moghaddam

We analytically investigate hydrodynamic attractor solutions in both M\"{u}ller-Israel-Stewart (MIS) and kinetic theories in a viscous fluid system undergoing a Hubble expansion with a fixed expansion rate. We show that the gradient…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-09-29 Zhiwei Du , Xu-Guang Huang , Hidetoshi Taya

We have studied analytically the longitudinally boost-invariant motion of a relativistic dissipative fluid with spin. We have derived the analytic solutions of spin density and spin chemical potential as a function of proper time $\tau$ in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-12 Dong-Lin Wang , Shuo Fang , Shi Pu

We investigate the attractor of spin density in relativistic spin hydrodynamics using Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator formalism in the spin probe limit. We derive the (0+1)D Bjorken flow equations and the associated attractor…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-27 Qi Zhou , Duan She , Ben-Wei Zhang , Enke Wang

A foundational question in relativistic fluid mechanics concerns the properties of the hydrodynamic gradient expansion at large orders. We establish the precise conditions under which this gradient expansion diverges for a broad class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-08 Michal P. Heller , Alexandre Serantes , Michał Spaliński , Viktor Svensson , Benjamin Withers

Far-from-equilibrium kinetic systems collapse onto a hydrodynamic attractor, traditionally approximated by a gradient expansion. While temporal gradient series are non-Borel summable and require transseries completions, the analytic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Mahdi Kooshkbaghi

The quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions is not in local thermal equilibrium at early times. Despite this, dissipative hydrodynamics describes the evolution of the energy-momentum tensor quite well after only roughly 0.5 - 1…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-24 Michael Strickland

We examine the capabilities of second-order Israel-Stewart-type hydrodynamics to capture the early-time behaviour of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. We point out that at very early times, the dynamics of the fireball…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-08 Victor E. Ambruş , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann

We establish a set of equations for moments of the distribution function. In the relaxation time approximations, these moments obey a coupled set of equations that can be truncated order-by-order. Solving the equations of moments, we are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Jean-Paul Blaizot , Li Yan

In this work we investigate the impact of conformal symmetry breaking on hydrodynamization of a far-from-equilibrium fluid. We find a new kind of transseries solutions for the non-conformal hydrodynamic equations of a longitudinal boost…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-21 Syo Kamata , Jakub Jankowski , Mauricio Martinez

We explore the transition to hydrodynamics in a weakly-coupled model of quark-gluon plasma given by kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation with conformal symmetry. We demonstrate that the gradient expansion in this model has a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-06-12 Michal P. Heller , Aleksi Kurkela , Michal Spalinski , Viktor Svensson

We examine the applicability of relativistic hydrodynamics far from equilibrium by constructing formal solutions of the Boltzmann moment equations in the relaxation time approximation. These solutions naturally decompose into a divergent…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-29 Reghukrishnan Gangadharan

We use the extended relaxation time approximation for the collision kernel, which incorporates a particle-energy dependent relaxation time, to derive second-order viscous hydrodynamics from the Boltzmann equation for a system of massless…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-29 Dipika Dash , Sunil Jaiswal , Samapan Bhadury , Amaresh Jaiswal