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We propose a step towards a resolution to black hole information paradox by analyzing scattering amplitudes of a complex scalar field around a Schwarzschild black hole. The scattering cross section reveals much information on the incoming…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-03-17 I. Y. Park

The formation and quantum mechanical evaporation of black holes in two spacetime dimensions can be studied using effective classical field equations, recently introduced by Callan {\it et al.} We find that gravitational collapse always…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Russo , L. Susskind , L. Thorlacius

The discovery that black holes emit thermal type radiation changed radically our perception of their behavior. Until then, their interior was considered as causally disconnected from the rest of the universe, so any kind of information,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-04-24 Nikolaos D. Pappas

The purely thermal nature of Hawking radiation from evaporating black holes leads to the information loss paradox. A possible route to its resolution could be if (enough) correlations are shown to be present in the radiation emitted from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-25 C. Fairoos , Sudipta Sarkar , K. P. Yogendran

In this paper, we review some methods that tried to solve the information loss problem. In particular, we revisit the solution based on Hawking radiation as tunneling, and provide a detailed statistical interpretation on the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-17 Baocheng Zhang , Christian Corda , Qing-yu Cai

The discovery of the fact that black holes radiate particles and eventually evaporate led Hawking to pose the well-known information loss paradox. This paradox caused a long and serious debate since it claims that the fundamental laws of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-01 Masanori Hanada , Yoshifumi Hyakutake , Goro Ishiki , Jun Nishimura

A sketchy review of the "island" paradigm in black hole evaporation theory, which actually brings us back to the old idea that interior of black hole decouples from our universe after Page time, so that Hawking radiation is entangled with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-15 A. Morozov

In the language of black hole physics, Hawking radiation is one of the most controversial subjects about which there exist lots of puzzles, including the information loss problem and the question of whether this radiation is thermal or not.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-30 Milad Hajebrahimi , Kourosh Nozari

Black holes have been implicated in two paradoxes that involve apparently non-unitary dynamics. According to Hawking's theory, information that is absorbed by a black hole is destroyed, and the originally pure state of a black hole is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 Christoph Adami

The black-hole information paradox has fueled a fascinating effort to reconcile the predictions of general relativity and those of quantum mechanics. Gravitational considerations teach us that black holes must trap everything that falls…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-07 Samuel L. Braunstein , Hans-Jürgen Sommers , Karol Życzkowski

The complete evaporation of black holes, as a natural endpoint of Hawking radiation, gives rise to the black hole information paradox, which fundamentally challenges the principles of unitarity and information conservation in quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Zhilong Liu , Wentao Liu , Zehua Tian , Jieci Wang

We explore a potential connection between the black hole information paradox and the double descent phenomenon in quantum machine learning. Information retrieval from Hawking radiation can be viewed through the lens of quantum linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Jae-Weon Lee , Zae Young Kim

The information loss paradox associated with black hole Hawking evaporation is an unresolved problem in modern theoretical physics. In a recent brief essay, we revisited the the evolution of the black hole entanglement entropy via the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Pisin Chen , Misao Sasaki , Dong-han Yeom , Junggi Yoon

I distinguish between two versions of the black hole information-loss paradox. The first arises from apparent failure of unitarity on the spacetime of a completely evaporating black hole, which appears to be non-globally-hyperbolic; this is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-18 David Wallace

Since Hawking's 1974 discovery, we expect that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. Closely related to the information loss puzzle is the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-31 Bernard S. Kay

In this paper, we analyze whether quantum correlations between successive steps of evaporation can open any way to resolve the black hole information paradox. Recently a celebrated result in literature shows that `small' correction to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-18 Avik Roy , Moinul Hossain Rahat , Mishkat Al Alvi , Md. Abdul Matin

These lecture notes are an elementary and pedagogical introduction to the black hole evaporation, based on a lecture given by the author at the Ninth Modave Summer School in Mathematical Physics and are intended for PhD students. First,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-17 Pierre-Henry Lambert

I review the information loss paradox that was first formulated by Hawking, and discuss possible ways of resolving it. All proposed solutions have serious drawbacks. I conclude that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 John Preskill

The crux of the black hole information paradox is related to the fact that the complete information about the initial state of a quantum field in a collapsing spacetime is not available to future asymptotic observers, belying the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-05 Kinjalk Lochan , T. Padmanabhan

We study the formation of black holes by spherical domain wall collapse as seen by an asymptotic observer, using the functional Schrodinger formalism. To explore what signals such observers will see, we study radiation of a scalar quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Tanmay Vachaspati , Dejan Stojkovic , Lawrence M. Krauss