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In 1976 Stephen Hawking proposed that information may be lost from our universe as a pure quantum state collapses gravitationally into a black hole, which then evaporates completely into a mixed state of thermal radiation. Although this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Don N. Page

The black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. It is often believed that Hawking's argument is not precisely formulated, and a more careful accounting of naturally occurring quantum corrections will allow the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-01-26 Samir D. Mathur

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki

I propose that the information loss paradox can be resolved by considering the supertranslation of the horizon caused by the ingoing particles. Information can be recovered in principle, but it is lost for all practical purposes.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-04 S. W. Hawking

Recently, new holographic models of black hole evaporation have given fresh insights into the information paradox [arXiv:1905.08255, arXiv:1905.08762, arXiv:1908.10996]. In these models, the black hole evaporates into an auxiliary bath…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-24 Hong Zhe Chen , Zachary Fisher , Juan Hernandez , Robert C. Myers , Shan-Ming Ruan

We resolve black hole information paradox within semiclassical gravity, in a manner that does not depend on details of unknown quantum gravity. Our crucial insight is that outgoing Hawking particles are physical only far from the black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-27 Hrvoje Nikolic

We review recent progress on the information paradox. We explain why exponentially small correlations in the radiation emitted by a black hole are sufficient to resolve the original paradox put forward by Hawking. We then describe a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-02 Suvrat Raju

A reformulation of the calculation of the semi-classical energy-momentum tensor on a Schwarzschild background, the Bousso covariant entropy bound, and the ER=EPR conjecture of Maldacena and Susskind taken together suggest a scenario for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-17 James M. Bardeen

We investigate Hawking evaporation in a recently suggested picture in which black holes are Bose condensates of gravitons at a quantum critical point. There, evaporation of a black hole is due to two intertwined effects. Coherent excitation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 Valentino F. Foit , Nico Wintergerst

The trans-Planckian and information loss problems are usually discussed in the literature as separate issues concerning the nature of Hawking radiation. Here we instead argue that they are intimately linked, and can be understood as "two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-18 Stefano Liberati , Lorenzo Sindoni , Sebastiano Sonego

We reinvestigate the emission of Hawking radiation during gravitational collapse to a black hole. Both CGHS collapse of a shock wave in (1+1)-dimensional dilaton gravity and Schwarzschild collapse of a spherically symmetric thin shell in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-05-04 Dmitry Podolsky , Eric Greenwood , Glenn Starkman

It is sometimes believed that small quantum gravity corrections to the Hawking radiation process can encode the correlations required to solve the black hole information paradox. Recently an inequality on the entanglement entropy of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-20 Samir D. Mathur

We propose a combination of two mechanisms that can resolve the black hole information paradox. The first process is that the black hole shrinks by a first order transition, since we assume the entropy is discontinuous. The black hole…

General Physics · Physics 2016-08-02 Kay zum Felde

Black hole evaporation is one of the most striking phenomena at the interface between gravity and quantum physics. In Hawking's semi-classical treatment, where matter is quantum mechanical and the spacetime is definite and classical,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 Ali Akil , Lorenzo Giannelli , Leonardo Modesto , Oscar Dahlsten , Giulio Chiribella , Caslav Brukner

We investigate the experimental capabilities required to test whether black holes destroy information. We show that an experiment capable of illuminating the information puzzle must necessarily be able to detect or manipulate macroscopic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Stephen D. H. Hsu

In both classical and quantum world, information cannot appear or disappear. This fundamental principle, however, is questioned for a black hole, by the acclaimed "information loss paradox". Based on the conservation laws of energy, charge,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-13 Baocheng Zhang , Qing-yu Cai , Ming-sheng Zhan , Li You

We aim to quantify the distribution of information in the Hawking radiation and inside the black hole in the semiclassical evaporation process. The structure quantum field theory forces to consider a shared information between two different…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 H. Casini

The black hole information paradox is a long-standing problem in theoretical physics. Despite some recent progress, many issues remain open and should be clarified. In this paper, we study the information paradox of Kerr black holes and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-25 Jun Nian

We develop a conceptual parallel between the black hole information problem and Zeno's paradox, highlighting the role of limiting procedures that turn formally infinite constructions into finite physical observables. Building on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-14 Xian-Hui Ge

Many relativists have been long convinced that black hole evaporation leads to information loss or remnants. String theorists have however not been too worried about the issue, largely due to a belief that the Hawking argument for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Samir D. Mathur