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Teleoperation is becoming an essential feature in automated vehicle concepts, as it will help the industry overcome challenges facing automated vehicles today. Teleoperation follows the idea to get humans back into the loop for certain rare…
Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems present both benefits and risks to society. Safety cases - structured arguments supported by evidence - are one way to help ensure the safe development and deployment of these systems. Yet the…
Experimental research methods describe standards to safeguard scientific integrity and reputability. These methods have been extensively integrated into traditional scientific disciplines and studied in the philosophy of science. The field…
Evolving cybersecurity threats in complex cyber-physical systems pose significant risks to system functionality and safety. This experience report introduces ACTISM (Automotive Consequence-Driven and Threat-Informed Security Modelling), an…
Cyber threats affect all kinds of organisations. Risk analysis is an essential methodology for cybersecurity as it allows organisations to deal with the cyber threats potentially affecting them, prioritise the defence of their assets and…
Cyber-physical systems (CPS), in most instances, represent systems of systems with an informationally decentralized structure such as emerging mobility systems, networked control systems, sustainable manufacturing, smart power grids, power…
Assuring safety for ``AI-based'' systems is one of the current challenges in safety engineering. For automated driving systems, in particular, further assurance challenges result from the open context that the systems need to operate in…
This paper tackles the problem of making complex resource-constrained cyber-physical systems (CPS) resilient to sensor anomalies. In particular, we present a framework for checkpointing and roll-forward recovery of state-estimates in…
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are required to operate safely under fault and malicious attacks. The simplex architecture and the recently proposed cyber resilient architectures, e.g., Byzantine fault tolerant++ (BFT++), provide safety for…
The failure of hardware or software in a critical system can lead to loss of lives. The design errors can be main source of the failures that can be introduced during system development process. Formal techniques are an alternative approach…
Assignment of critical missions to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is bound to widen the grounds for adversarial intentions in the cyber domain, potentially ranging from disruption of command and control links to capture and use of airborne…
This article considers the design and analysis of multiple moving target defenses for recognizing and isolating attacks on cyber-physical systems. We consider attackers who perform integrity attacks on a set of sensors and actuators in a…
Cyber-physical systems are critical infrastructures that are crucial both to the reliable delivery of resources such as energy, and to the stable functioning of automatic and control architectures. These systems are composed of…
Safety critical systems are typically subjected to hazard analysis before commissioning to identify and analyse potentially hazardous system states that may arise during operation. Currently, hazard analysis is mainly based on human…
Formal guarantees for cyber-physical systems (CPS) rely on diverse assumptions. If satisfied, these assumptions enable the transfer of abstract guarantees into real-world assurances about the deployed CPS. Although assumptions are central…
The synthesis of technology and the medical industry has partly contributed to the increasing interest in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS). While these systems provide benefits to patients and professionals, they also introduce new…
Cyber-physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) are becoming increasingly prevalent across sectors such as Industry 4.0 and smart homes, where they play a critical role in enabling intelligent, interconnected functionality. Addressing the…
A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a tight coupling of computational resources, network communication, and physical processes. They are composed of a set of networked components, including sensors, actuators, control processing units, and…
Self-adaptive systems offer several attack surfaces due to the communication via different channels and the different sensors required to observe the environment. Often, attacks cause safety to be compromised as well, making it necessary to…
All of the frontier AI companies have published safety frameworks where they define capability thresholds and risk mitigations that determine how they will safely develop and deploy their models. Adoption of systematic approaches to risk…