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Recent advances in reasoning models have yielded impressive results in mathematics and coding. However, most approaches rely on static datasets, which have been suggested to encourage memorisation and limit generalisation. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Willem Röpke , Samuel Coward , Andrei Lupu , Thomas Foster , Tim Rocktäschel , Jakob Foerster

In this paper we combine one method for hierarchical reinforcement learning - the options framework - with deep Q-networks (DQNs) through the use of different "option heads" on the policy network, and a supervisory network for choosing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Kai Arulkumaran , Nat Dilokthanakul , Murray Shanahan , Anil Anthony Bharath

Offline reinforcement-learning (RL) algorithms learn to make decisions using a given, fixed training dataset without online data collection. This problem setting is captivating because it holds the promise of utilizing previously collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Dan Elbaz , Gal Novik , Oren Salzman

Learning vector representations for programs is a critical step in applying deep learning techniques for program understanding tasks. Various neural network models are proposed to learn from tree-structured program representations, e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Wenhan Wang , Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Shangqing Liu , Anran Li , Zhi Jin , Yang Liu

Decision trees are widely adopted machine learning models due to their simplicity and explainability. However, as training data size grows, standard methods become increasingly slow, scaling polynomially with the number of training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Niraj Kumar , Romina Yalovetzky , Changhao Li , Pierre Minssen , Marco Pistoia

Deep Reinforcement Learning has been able to achieve amazing successes in a variety of domains from video games to continuous control by trying to maximize the cumulative reward. However, most of these successes rely on algorithms that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Rakesh R Menon , Balaraman Ravindran

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success in various research domains. However, its reliance on neural networks results in a lack of transparency, which limits its practical applications. To achieve explainability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yongyan Wen , Siyuan Li , Rongchang Zuo , Lei Yuan , Hangyu Mao , Peng Liu

Most deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms distill experience into parametric behavior policies or value functions via gradient updates. While effective, this approach has several disadvantages: (1) it is computationally expensive,…

Various modifications of decision trees have been extensively used during the past years due to their high efficiency and interpretability. Tree node splitting based on relevant feature selection is a key step of decision tree learning, at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Dmitry Ignatov , Andrey Ignatov

Tree-structured multi-task architectures have been employed to jointly tackle multiple vision tasks in the context of multi-task learning (MTL). The major challenge is to determine where to branch out for each task given a backbone model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Lijun Zhang , Xiao Liu , Hui Guan

In order to solve the problem of frequent deceleration of unmanned vehicles when approaching obstacles, this article uses a Deep Q-Network (DQN) and its extension, the Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN), to develop a local navigation system that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Hao Liu , Yi Shen , Wenjing Zhou , Yuelin Zou , Chang Zhou , Shuyao He

The variable and unpredictable load demands in hybrid agricultural tractors make it difficult to design optimal rule-based energy management strategies, motivating the use of adaptive, learning-based control. However, existing approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Hend Abououf , Sidra Ghayour Bhatti , Qadeer Ahmed

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has shown outstanding performance on inducing effective action policies that maximize expected long-term return on many complex tasks. Much of DRL work has been focused on sequences of events with discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Yeo Jin Kim , Min Chi

Training task-completion dialogue agents with reinforcement learning usually requires a large number of real user experiences. The Dyna-Q algorithm extends Q-learning by integrating a world model, and thus can effectively boost training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Yuexin Wu , Xiujun Li , Jingjing Liu , Jianfeng Gao , Yiming Yang

We present the first massively distributed architecture for deep reinforcement learning. This architecture uses four main components: parallel actors that generate new behaviour; parallel learners that are trained from stored experience; a…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) presents an attractive paradigm for training intelligent agents without expensive online interactions. However, current approaches still struggle with complex, long-horizon sequential decision making. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Changyeon Kim , Haeone Lee , Younggyo Seo , Kimin Lee , Yuke Zhu

We propose a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) architecture for sequential decision processes under uncertainty, as encountered in inspection and maintenance (I&M) planning. Unlike other DRL algorithms for (I&M) planning, the proposed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Daniel Koutas , Elizabeth Bismut , Daniel Straub

Most existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) frameworks consider either discrete action space or continuous action space solely. Motivated by applications in computer games, we consider the scenario with discrete-continuous hybrid action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Jiechao Xiong , Qing Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Peng Sun , Lei Han , Yang Zheng , Haobo Fu , Tong Zhang , Ji Liu , Han Liu

Despite of achieving great success in real-world applications, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is still suffering from three critical issues, i.e., data efficiency, lack of the interpretability and transferability. Recent research shows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Shuting Deng , Mu Jin , Zhihao Ma , Kebing Jin , Chen Chen , Chao Yu

Opponent modeling is necessary in multi-agent settings where secondary agents with competing goals also adapt their strategies, yet it remains challenging because strategies interact with each other and change. Most previous work focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-20 He He , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Kevin Kwok , Hal Daumé