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The out-of-equilibrium character of active systems is often twofold, arising from both the activity itself and from non-reciprocal couplings between constituents. A well-established measure to quantify the system's distance from equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-13 Kim L. Kreienkamp , Sabine H. L. Klapp

We investigate nonequilibrium underdamped Langevin dynamics of Brownian particles that interact through a harmonic potential with coupling constant $K$ and are in thermal contact with two heat baths at different temperatures. The system is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-26 Hyun-Myung Chun , Jae Dong Noh

Stochastic thermodynamics provides the framework to analyze thermodynamic laws and quantities along individual trajectories of small but fully observable systems. If the observable level fails to capture all relevant degrees of freedom,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-01 Julius Degünther , Jann van der Meer , Udo Seifert

A stopping time $T$ is the first time when a trajectory of a stochastic process satisfies a specific criterion. In this paper, we use martingale theory to derive the integral fluctuation relation $\langle e^{-S_{\rm tot}(T)}\rangle=1$ for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-22 Izaak Neri , Edgar Roldán , Simone Pigolotti , Frank Jülicher

The quantum fluctuations of the entropy production for fermionic systems in the Landauer-Buttiker non-equilibrium steady state are investigated. The probability distribution, governing these fluctuations, is explicitly derived by means of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-22 Mihail Mintchev , Luca Santoni , Paul Sorba

Fluctuation theorems make use of time reversal to make predictions about entropy production in many-body systems far from thermal equilibrium. Here we review the wide variety of distinct, but interconnected, relations that have been derived…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-08-02 R. J. Harris , G. M. Schütz

Asymptotic fluctuation theorems are statements of a Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry in the rate function of either the time-averaged entropy production or heat dissipation of a process. Such theorems have been proved for various general classes…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-01-23 Benjamin Hertz Shargel , Tom Chou

We propose a generalization of stochastic thermodynamics to systems of active particles, which move under the combined influence of stochastic internal self-propulsions (activity) and a heat bath. The main idea is to consider joint…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-11-20 Grzegorz Szamel

We discuss the two-dimensional motion of a Brownian particle that is confined to a harmonic trap and driven by a shear flow. The surrounding medium induces memory effects modelled by a linear, typically nonreciprocal coupling of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-26 Lea Fernandez , Siegfried Hess , Sabine H. L. Klapp

We establish a novel generalization of the fluctuation theorem for partially-masked nonequilibrium dynamics. We introduce a partial entropy production with a subset of all possible transitions, and show that the partial entropy production…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-20 Naoto Shiraishi , Takahiro Sagawa

Recent research has considered the stochastic thermodynamics of multiple interacting systems, representing the overall system as a Bayes net. I derive fluctuation theorems governing the entropy production (EP)of arbitrary sets of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-01 David H. Wolpert

Entropy production is often interpreted as a proxy for microscopic disorder or environmental roughness in stochastic systems. We test this interpretation using controlled simulations of overdamped stochastic dynamics on curved surfaces in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-23 Patrick Romanescu

We compute the entropy production engendered in the environment from a single Brownian particle which moves in a mean flow, and show that it corresponds in expectation to classical near-equilibrium entropy production in the surrounding…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-05-06 Yueheng Lan , Erik Aurell

In a glassy system different degrees of freedom have well-separated characteristic times, and are described by different temperatures. The stationary state is essentially non-equilibrium. A generalized statistical thermodynamics is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 A. E. Allahverdyan , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Entropy production is a fundamental concept that plays a crucial role in the second law of thermodynamics and the measure of irreversibility. It imposes rigorous constraints on the kinds of transformations allowed in thermodynamic…

Stochastic entropy production, which quantifies the difference between the probabilities of trajectories of a stochastic dynamics and its time reversals, has a central role in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In the theory of probability, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-04 Ying-Jen Yang , Hong Qian

We here present the complete analysis of experiments on driven Brownian motion and electric noise in a $RC$ circuit, showing that thermodynamic entropy production can be related to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the statistical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Andrieux , Sergio Ciliberto , Nicolas Garnier , Pierre Gaspard , Sylvain Joubaud , Artyom Petrosyan

How is it that entropy derivatives almost in their own are characterizing the state of a system close to equilibrium, and what happens further away from it? We explain within the framework of Markov jump processes why fluctuation theory can…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-24 Christian Maes , Karel Netočný , Bram Wynants

We consider a quantum spin system consisting of a finite subsystem connected to infinite reservoirs at different temperatures. In this setup we define nonequilibrium steady states and prove that the rate of entropy production in such states…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 David Ruelle

We analytically describe the decay to equilibrium of generic observables of a non-integrable system after a perturbation in the form of a random matrix. We further obtain an analytic form for the time-averaged fluctuations of an observable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras