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Developers often search for reusable code snippets on general-purpose web search engines like Google, Yahoo! or Microsoft Bing. But some of these code snippets may have poor quality in terms of readability or understandability. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Carlos Eduardo C. Dantas , Marcelo A. Maia

Search engines play a central role in routing political information to citizens. The algorithmic personalization of search results by large search engines like Google implies that different users may be offered systematically different…

General Economics · Economics 2022-09-29 Ulrich Matter , Roland Hodler , Johannes Ladwig

Warning: This paper contains content that may be offensive or upsetting. Online search engine auto-completions make it faster for users to search and access information. However, they also have the potential to reinforce and promote…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Geng Liu , Pietro Pinoli , Stefano Ceri , Francesco Pierri

Search engines play a crucial role in shaping public discourse by influencing how information is accessed and framed. While prior research has extensively examined various dimensions of search bias -- such as content prioritization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Amrit Poudel , Tim Weninger

Search engines have become key media for our scientific, economic, and social activities by enabling people to access information on the Web in spite of its size and complexity. On the down side, search engines bias the traffic of users…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2009-02-19 Santo Fortunato , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer , Alessandro Vespignani

In previous research it has been shown that link-based web page metrics can be used to predict experts' assessment of quality. We are interested in a related question: do expert rankings of real-world entities correlate with search engine…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2008-10-21 Michael L. Nelson , Martin Klein , Manoranjan Magudamudi

The Web is an important resource for understanding and diagnosing medical conditions. Based on exposure to online content, people may develop undue health concerns, believing that common and benign symptoms are explained by serious…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-12-12 George Philipp , Ryen W. White

h-index retrieved by citation indexes (Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science) is used to measure the scientific performance and the research impact studies based on the number of publications and citations of a scientist. It also is…

Finding a product online can be a challenging task for users. Faceted search interfaces, often in combination with recommenders, can support users in finding a product that fits their preferences. However, those preferences are not always…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Dagmar Kern , Wilko van Hoek , Daniel Hienert

Online platforms mediate access to opportunity: relevance-based rankings create and constrain options by allocating exposure to job openings and job candidates in hiring platforms, or sellers in a marketplace. In order to do so responsibly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Aparna Balagopalan , Abigail Z. Jacobs , Asia Biega

Online platforms have transformed the way in which individuals access and interact with news, with a high degree of trust particularly placed in search engine results. We use web tracked behavioral data across a 2-month period and analyze…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Roberto Ulloa , Celina Sylwia Kacperski

We present a model of competition between web search algorithms, and study the impact of such competition on user welfare. In our model, search providers compete for customers by strategically selecting which search results to display in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-16 David Kempe , Brendan Lucier

This research focuses on what users know about search engine optimization (SEO) and how well they can identify results that have potentially been influenced by SEO. We conducted an online survey with a sample representative of the German…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Dirk Lewandowski , Sebastian Schultheiß

What are the intents or goals behind human interactions with image search engines? Knowing why people search for images is of major concern to Web image search engines because user satisfaction may vary as intent varies. Previous analyses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Xiaohui Xie , Yiqun Liu , Maarten de Rijke , Jiyin He , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

User-centered approaches have been extensively studied and used in the area of struggling search. Related research has targeted key aspects of users such as user satisfaction or frustration, and search success or failure, using a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Luyan Xu , Xuan Zhou , Ujwal Gadiraju

This work falls in the areas of information retrieval and semantic web, and aims to improve the evaluation of web search tools. Indeed, the huge number of information on the web as well as the growth of new inexperienced users creates new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Abdelkrim Bouramoul , Mohamed-Khireddine Kholladi , Bich-Liên Doan

Domain expertise is regarded as one of the key factors impacting search success: experts are known to write more effective queries, to select the right results on the result page, and to find answers satisfying their information needs.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Julia Kiseleva , Alejandro Montes García , Jaap Kamps , Nikita Spirin

A growing body of work has highlighted the important role that Wikipedia's volunteer-created content plays in helping search engines achieve their core goal of addressing the information needs of millions of people. In this paper, we report…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Nicholas Vincent , Brent Hecht

Even though currently being challenged by ChatGPT and other large-language models (LLMs), Google Search remains one of the primary means for many individuals to find information on the internet. Interestingly, the way that we retrieve…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Konrad Kollnig

Tagging is a popular feature that supports several collaborative tasks, including search, as tags produced by one user can help others finding relevant content. However, task performance depends on the existence of 'good' tags. A first step…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-10-13 Elizeu Santos-Neto , Flavio Figueiredo , Nigini Oliveira , Nazareno Andrade , Jussara Almeida , Matei Ripeanu