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A normal network is uniquely determined by the set of phylogenetic trees that it displays. Given a set $\mathcal{P}$ of rooted binary phylogenetic trees, this paper presents a polynomial-time algorithm that reconstructs the unique binary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Magnus Bordewich , Simone Linz , Charles Semple

Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that are used to represent reticulate evolution. Unrooted phylogenetic networks form a special class of such networks, which naturally generalize unrooted phylogenetic trees.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-01-11 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Taoyang Wu

In evolutionary biology, phylogenetic networks are graphs that provide a flexible framework for representing complex evolutionary histories that involve reticulate evolutionary events. Recently phylogenetic studies have started to focus on…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-17 Niels Holtgrefe , Katharina T. Huber , Leo van Iersel , Mark Jones , Vincent Moulton

Phylogenetic networks represent evolutionary history of species and can record natural reticulate evolutionary processes such as horizontal gene transfer and gene recombination. This makes phylogenetic networks a more comprehensive…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-15 Remie Janssen , Pengyu Liu

In phylogenetics, evolution is traditionally represented in a tree-like manner. However, phylogenetic networks can be more appropriate for representing evolutionary events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, and others. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Manuel Lafond , Vincent Moulton

Phylogenetic networks are a special type of graph which generalize phylogenetic trees and that are used to model non-treelike evolutionary processes such as recombination and hybridization. In this paper, we consider {\em unrooted}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-21 Katharina T. Huber , Simone Linz , Vincent Moulton

Rooted phylogenetic networks allow biologists to represent evolutionary relationships between present-day species by revealing ancestral speciation and hybridization events. A convenient and well-studied class of such networks are…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-02 Qiang Zhang , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic trees and networks are leaf-labelled graphs used to model evolution. Display graphs are created by identifying common leaf labels in two or more phylogenetic trees or networks. The treewidth of such graphs is bounded as a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Remie Janssen , Mark Jones , Steven Kelk , Georgios Stamoulis , Taoyang Wu

Rooted phylogenetic networks provide a way to describe species' relationships when evolution departs from the simple model of a tree. However, networks inferred from genomic data can be highly tangled, making it difficult to discern the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-31 Andrew Francis , Daniel H. Huson , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic trees are simple models of evolutionary processes. They describe conditionally independent divergent evolution of taxa from common ancestors. Phylogenetic trees commonly do not have enough flexibility to adequately model all…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-11 Jonathan D. Mitchell , Barbara R. Holland

It was recently shown that a large class of phylogenetic networks, the `labellable' networks, is in bijection with the set of `expanding' covers of finite sets. In this paper, we show how several prominent classes of phylogenetic networks…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-11 Andrew Francis , Daniele Marchei , Mike Steel

Rooted phylogenetic networks are used by biologists to infer and represent complex evolutionary relationships between species that cannot be accurately explained by a phylogenetic tree. Tree-child networks are a particular class of rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Janosch Döcker , Simone Linz

Rooted phylogenetic networks provide an explicit representation of the evolutionary history of a set $X$ of sampled species. In contrast to phylogenetic trees which show only speciation events, networks can also accommodate reticulate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Peter L. Erdos , Charles Semple , Mike Steel

Phylogenetic network is an evolutionary model that uses a rooted directed acyclic graph (instead of a tree) to model an evolutionary history of species in which reticulate events (e.g., hybrid speciation or horizontal gene transfer)…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-01 Yufeng Wu , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetic networks are increasingly used in evolutionary biology to represent the history of species that have undergone reticulate events such as horizontal gene transfer, hybrid speciation and recombination. One of the most fundamental…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-07 Philippe Gambette , Leo van Iersel , Steven Kelk , Fabio Pardi , Celine Scornavacca

Phylogenetic networks are rooted, labelled directed acyclic graphs which are commonly used to represent reticulate evolution. There is a close relationship between phylogenetic networks and multi-labelled trees (MUL-trees). Indeed, any…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-16 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Mike Steel , Taoyang Wu

Normal networks are an important class of phylogenetic networks that have compelling mathematical properties which align with intuition about inference from genetic data. While tools enabling widespread use of phylogenetic networks in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Andrew Francis , Charles Semple

In phylogenetics, phylogenetic trees are rooted binary trees, whereas phylogenetic networks are rooted arbitrary acyclic digraphs. Edges are directed away from the root and leaves are uniquely labeled with taxa in phylogenetic networks. For…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-30 Andreas DM Gunawan , Bhaskar DasGupta , Louxin Zhang

Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms. One of the main challenges in the field is to take biological data for a group of organisms and to infer an evolutionary tree, a graph that represents these…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-05 Elizabeth Gross , Colby Long , Joseph Rusinko

Phylogenetic networks generalize phylogenetic trees, and have been introduced in order to describe evolution in the case of transfer of genetic material between coexisting species. There are many classes of phylogenetic networks, which can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-13 Mathilde Bouvel , Philippe Gambette , Marefatollah Mansouri