Related papers: Is the bump significant? An axion-search example
In the setting where we have $n$ independent observations of a random variable $X$, we derive explicit error bounds in total variation distance when approximating the number of observations equal to the maximum of the sample (in the case…
Given trajectory data, a domain-specific study area, and a user-defined threshold, we aim to find anomalous trajectories indicative of possible GPS spoofing (e.g., fake trajectory). The problem is societally important to curb illegal…
The identification of anomalies is a critical component of operating complex, and possibly large-scale and geo-graphically distributed cyber-physical systems. While designing anomaly detectors, it is common to assume Gaussian noise models…
Anomalies drive scientific discovery -- they are associated with the cutting edge of the research frontier, and thus typically exploit data in the low signal-to-noise regime. In astronomy, the prevalence of systematics --- both "known…
Foundation models have the potential to extend the discovery reach for anomaly detection searches. When studying the large OmniLearned foundation model on data from the CMS experiment, unexpected behavior was observed in a mass sideband.…
Discoveries of gaps in data have been important in astrophysics. For example, there are kinematic gaps opened by resonances in dynamical systems, or exoplanets of a certain radius that are empirically rare. A gap in a data set is a kind of…
We have recently shown that multi-field axion N-flation can lead to observable non-gaussianity in much of its parameter range, with the assisted inflation mechanism ensuring that the density perturbations are sufficiently close to scale…
This paper is an introduction to the eleven works of the special issue on Quantum and Classical Frontiers of Noise. The weather, and its butterfly effect, is the typical example that explain why many natural phenomena are, in fact, not…
The quantum measurement process by a single-electron transistor or a quantum point contact coupled to a quantum bit is studied. We find a unified description of the statistics of the monitored quantity, the current, in the regime of strong…
We investigate sources of error in acceleration statistics from Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) data and demonstrate techniques to eliminate or minimise bias errors introduced during processing. Numerical simulations of particle tracking…
We provide a fully statistical analysis of the results of a Bell test beyond mean values. This is possible in a practical scheme where all the observables involved in the test are simultaneously measured at the expense of unavoidably…
The present generation of weak lensing surveys will be superseded by surveys run from space with much better sky coverage and high level of signal to noise ratio, such as SNAP. However, removal of any systematics or noise will remain a…
A recent report on gravitational wave detector data from the NAUTILUS and EXPLORER detector groups claims a statistically significant excess of coincident events when the detectors are oriented in a way that maximizes their sensitivity to…
We show that the `shot noise' bias in angular clustering power spectra observed from discrete samples of points is not noise, but rather a known additive contribution that naturally arises due to degenerate pairs of points. In particular,…
With the third observing run the number of gravitational wave emitting events has increased significantly. The data of the recorded events is inspected to search for overall properties on the population. The properties of subpopulations are…
Flux magnification is an interesting complement to shear-based lensing measurements, especially at high redshift where sources are harder to resolve. One measures either changes in the source density (magnification bias) or in the shape of…
We consider the problem of detecting deviations from a white noise assumption in time series. Our approach differs from the numerous methods proposed for this purpose with respect to two aspects. First, we allow for non-stationary time…
Brownian motion is a ubiquitous physical phenomenon across the sciences. After its discovery by Brown and intensive study since the first half of the 20th century, many different aspects of Brownian motion and stochastic processes in…
A common problem in disciplines of applied Statistics research such as Astrostatistics is of estimating the posterior distribution of relevant parameters. Typically, the likelihoods for such models are computed via expensive experiments…
Analysis of experimental data must sometimes deal with abrupt changes in the distribution of measured values. Setting upper limits on signals usually involves a veto procedure that excludes data not described by an assumed statistical…