Related papers: Lagrange's Theorem for Binary Squares
In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute a basis of the space of algebraic modular forms on the maximal order of the definite quaternion algebra of discriminant $2$, and provide a database of such bases. One of our motivations is…
Zeckendorf proved that every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{F_n\}$, and later researchers showed that the distribution of the number of summands needed for such decompositions of integers in…
A representation number is a function which expresses the number of ways an integer can be written as a sum of elements of chosen sets. One of the oldest number-theoretic results on representation numbers is Fermat's theorem which says that…
Pourchet proved in 1971 that every nonnegative univariate polynomial with rational coefficients is a sum of five or fewer squares. Nonetheless, there are no known algorithms for constructing such a decomposition. The sole purpose of the…
In most text books on number theory Wilson Theorem is proved by applying Lagrange theorem concerning polynomial congruences.Hardy and Wright also give a proof using cuadratic residues. In this article Wilson theorem is derived as a…
In this paper, the problem of finding optimal success probabilities of static linear optics quantum gates is linked to the theory of convex optimization. It is shown that by exploiting this link, upper bounds for the success probability of…
In this article, we use results of Number Theory to prove the conjecture on eigenvalue problem of a 2D elliptic PDE proposed by P. Korman in his recent paper \cite{ref}: for any even integer $2k$, one can find an eigenvalue $N$ that can be…
We introduce LAM, a subsystem of IMALL2 with restricted additive rules able to manage duplication linearly, called linear additive rules. LAM is presented as the type assignment system for a calculus endowed with copy constructors, which…
In 1855 H. J. S. Smith proved Fermat's two-square using the notion of palindromic continuants. In his paper, Smith constructed a proper representation of a prime number $p$ as a sum of two squares, given a solution of…
A positive integer $n$ is said to be a practical number if every integer in $[1,n]$ can be represented as the sum of distinct divisors of $n$. In this article, we consider practical numbers of a given polynomial form. We give a necessary…
The well known binary and decimal representations of the integers, and other similar number systems, admit many generalisations. Here, we investigate whether still every integer could have a finite expansion on a given integer base b, when…
The field of formal Laurent series is a natural analogue of the real numbers, and mathematicians have been translating well-known results about rational approximations to that setting. In the framework of power series over the rational…
We consider a generic system composed of a fixed number of particles distributed over a finite number of energy levels. We make only general assumptions about system's properties and the entropy. System's constraints other than fixed number…
In parametric sequence alignment, optimal alignments of two sequences are computed as a function of the penalties for mismatches and spaces, producing many different optimal alignments. Here we give a 3/(2^{7/3}\pi^{2/3})n^{2/3} +O(n^{1/3}…
In his 1981 Fundamental Theorem of Algebra paper Steve Smale initiated the complexity theory of finding a solution of polynomial equations of one complex variable by a variant of Newton's method. In this paper we reconsider his algorithm in…
Recently the author used certain quaternion orders to demonstrate the universality of some quaternary quadratic forms. Here a further study is done on one of these orders analogous to Hurwitz's proof of the formula for the number of…
In this paper, we give a formula for the proper class number of a binary quadratic polynomial assuming that the conductor ideal is sufficiently divisible at dyadic places. This allows us to study the growth of the proper class numbers of…
In this paper, we prove some results of restricted sums of four squares using arithmetic of quaternions in the ring of Lipschitz integers. For example, we show that every nonnegative integer $n$ can be written as $x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+t^{2}$…
We derive a convex optimization problem on a steady-state nonequilibrium network of biochemical reactions, with the property that energy conservation and the second law of thermodynamics both hold at the problem solution. This suggests a…
We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…