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Industrial Control Systems (ICS) rely on sensor feedback to keep safety-critical processes within operational limits. This research presents a hardware-root-of-trust that embeds a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) at the measurement…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ahmed Oun , Rishabh Das , Clay Hess , Aakriti Barat , Savas Kaya

The addition of a physical watermarking signal to the control input increases the detection probability of data deception attacks at the expense of increased control cost. In this paper, we propose a parsimonious policy to reduce the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Arunava Naha , André Teixeira , Anders Ahlén , Subhrakanti Dey

The increasing digitization of smart grids has made addressing cybersecurity issues crucial in order to secure the power supply. Anomaly detection has emerged as a key technology for cybersecurity in smart grids, enabling the detection of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Ömer Sen , Simon Glomb , Martin Henze , Andreas Ulbig

Accurate and timely detection of cyber threats is critical to keeping our online economy and data safe. A key technique in early detection is the classification of unusual patterns of network behaviour, often hidden as low-frequency events…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Anthony Kenyon , Lipika Deka , David Elizondo

Malicious attacks on modern autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPSs) can leverage information about the system dynamics and noise characteristics to hide while hijacking the system toward undesired states. Given attacks attempting to hide…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Paul J. Bonczek , Shijie Gao , Nicola Bezzo

With the widespread deployment of deep neural network (DNN) models, dynamic watermarking techniques are being used to protect the intellectual property of model owners. However, recent studies have shown that existing watermarking schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Brian Choi , Shu Wang , Isabelle Choi , Kun Sun

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in critical infrastructure face a pervasive threat from attackers, motivating research into a variety of countermeasures for securing them. Assessing the effectiveness of these countermeasures is challenging,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Yuqi Chen , Bohan Xuan , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun , Fan Zhang

Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDTs) are widely used in industry and academia for their high accuracy and efficiency, particularly on structured data. However, watermarking GBDT models remains underexplored compared to neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jun Woo Chung , Yingjie Lao , Weijie Zhao

False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) has become a growing concern in modern cyber-physical power systems. Most existing FDIA detection techniques project the raw measurement data into a high-dimensional latent space to separate normal and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Shengyang Wu , Jingyu Wang , Dongyuan Shi

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about content traceability and potential misuse. Existing watermarking schemes for sampled text often face trade-offs between maintaining text quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shizhan Cai , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

IoT networks are increasingly becoming target of sophisticated new cyber-attacks. Anomaly-based detection methods are promising in finding new attacks, but there are certain practical challenges like false-positive alarms, hard to explain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Ayyoob Hamza , Hassan Habibi Gharakheili , Theophilus A. Benson , Gustavo Batista , Vijay Sivaraman

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely deployed in industry, making their intellectual property valuable. However, protecting GNNs from unauthorized use remains a challenge. Watermarking offers a solution by embedding ownership information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jane Downer , Yingdan Shi , Ziyan Liu , Ren Wang , Binghui Wang

Closed-loop control systems employ continuous sensing and actuation to maintain controlled variables within preset bounds and achieve the desired system output. Intentional disturbances in the system, such as in the case of cyberattacks,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Vuk Lesi , Marcio Juliato , Shabbir Ahmed , Christopher Gutierrez , Qian Wang , Manoj Sastry

Integrating watermarking into the generation process of latent diffusion models (LDMs) simplifies detection and attribution of generated content. Semantic watermarks, such as Tree-Rings and Gaussian Shading, represent a novel class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Andreas Müller , Denis Lukovnikov , Jonas Thietke , Asja Fischer , Erwin Quiring

Identifying anomalous patterns in real-world data is essential for understanding where, when, and how systems deviate from their expected dynamics. Yet methods that separately consider the anomalousness of each individual data point have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-05 William Herlands , Edward McFowland , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Daniel B. Neill

We address the problem of attack detection and attack correction for multi-output discrete-time linear time-invariant systems under sensor attack. More specifically, we focus on the situation where adversarial attack signals are added to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-16 Zhanghan Tang , Margreta Kuijper , Michelle Chong , Iven Mareels , Chris Leckie

We introduce the novel problem of benchmarking fraud detectors on private graph-structured data. Currently, many types of fraud are managed in part by automated detection algorithms that operate over graphs. We consider the scenario where a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Alexander Goldberg , Giulia Fanti , Nihar Shah , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks remain difficult to detect due to their stealth, adaptability, and use of legitimate system components. Provenance-based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) offer a promising defense by capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Robin Buchta , Carsten Kleiner , Felix Heine , Gabi Dreo Rodosek

As a defense strategy against adversarial attacks, adversarial detection aims to identify and filter out adversarial data from the data flow based on discrepancies in distribution and noise patterns between natural and adversarial data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Qian Wang , Chen Li , Yuchen Luo , Hefei Ling , Shijuan Huang , Ruoxi Jia , Ning Yu

There are hardly any data sets publicly available that can be used to evaluate intrusion detection algorithms. The biggest threat for industrial applications arises from state-sponsored and criminal groups. Often, formerly unknown exploits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Simon Duque Antón , Michael Gundall , Daniel Fraunholz , Hans Dieter Schotten