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Nuclei are nearly transparent to each other when they collide at high energy, but the collisions do produce high energy density matter in the central rapidity region where most experimental measurements are made. What happens to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-11 Ming Li , Joseph I. Kapusta

We evaluate the effects of preequilibrium dynamics on observables in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We simulate the initial nonequilibrium phase within A MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model, while the subsequent near-equilibrium…

Different approaches to describe initial stages of relativistic heavy ion collisions are discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. An Effective String Rope Model is presented for heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. Our model takes into…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 V. K. Magas , L. P. Csernai , D. Strottman

Using a (3+1)-dimensional hybrid framework with parametric initial conditions, we study the rapidity-dependent directed flow $v_1(y)$ of identified particles, including pions, kaons, protons, and lambdas in heavy-ion collisions. Cases…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-05-09 Lipei Du , Chun Shen , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

We have developed a next-generation hybrid event-by-event three-fluid hydrodynamic model, suitable for simulations of heavy-ion collisions in the energy range from few up to tens of GeV per colliding NN pair. At such energies the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-10-10 Jakub Cimerman , Iurii Karpenko , Boris Tomasik , Pasi Huovinen

We review progress in the hydrodynamic description of heavy-ion collisions, focusing on recent developments in modeling the fluctuating initial state and event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic simulations. We discuss how hydrodynamics can be…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Bjoern Schenke

Our recently developed 2+1 (boost-invariant) hydrodynamic model has been presented and used to i) describe the soft hadronic data collected in the central region of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and ii) to make predictions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-02 Mikolaj Chojnacki

We analyze non-central heavy-ion collisions at the relativistic energy within a full (3+1) dimensional hydrodynamic model. First, the initial parameters in the hydrodynamic model are chosen so that we reproduce the experimental data of both…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Tetsufumi Hirano , Keiichi Tsuda , Kohei Kajimoto

The stopping of baryons in heavy ion collisions at beam momenta of $p_{\rm lab} = 20-160A$ GeV is lacking a quantitative description within theoretical calculations. Heavy ion reactions at these energies are experimentally explored at the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-03-10 Justin Mohs , Sangwook Ryu , Hannah Elfner

The relativistic hydrodynamic model is applied to describe the expansion of the dense matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The hydrodynamic expansion of the fluid, supplemented with the statistical emission of hadrons at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-03-27 Piotr Bozek

We model the disassembly of an excited nuclear system formed as a result of a heavy ion collision. We find that, as the beam energy in central collisions in varied, the dissociating system crosses a liquid-gas coexistence curve, resulting…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 J. Pan , S. Das Gupta , M. Grant

We use (3+1) dimensional ideal hydrodynamics to describe the space-time evolution of strongly interacting matter created in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions. The model is applied for the domain of bombarding energies 1-160 AGeV which includes…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-19 A. V. Merdeev , L. M. Satarov , I. N. Mishustin

We investigate the compression of nuclear matter in relativistic hydrodynamics. Nuclear matter is described by a $\sigma-\omega$--type model for the hadron matter phase and by the MIT bag model for the quark--gluon plasma, with a first…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Dirk H. Rischke , Yaris Puersuen , Joachim A. Maruhn

In this note, using the colour string model, we study the configuration space distribution of stopped nucleons in heavy-ion collisions. We find that the stopped nucleons from the target and the projectile end up separated from each other by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-02-27 Andrzej Bialas , Adam Bzdak , Volker Koch

We propose a picture of turbulent pattern formation in the relativistic heavy-ion collision, which follows an efficient process to break color strings and dispose energy in the whole phase space. We perform numerical simulations using the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-02-25 Kenji Fukushima

Utilizing a comprehensive (3+1)D relativistic hydrodynamic framework with multiple conserved charge currents and charge-dependent Lattice-QCD-based equation of state, we study the baryon and electric charge number deposition at mid rapidity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-05-31 Gregoire Pihan , Akihiko Monnai , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen

Heavy-ion collisions covering a wide range of collision energies provide a vast amount of observables characterizing the properties of strongly-interacting matter. In particular collisions towards the high baryon-density regime of the QCD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-20 Anna Schäfer , Iurii Karpenko , Hannah Elfner

In very high energy collisions nuclei are practically transparent to each other but produce very hot, nearly baryon-free, matter in the so-called central rapidity region. The energy in the central rapidity region comes from the kinetic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 Ming Li , Joseph I. Kapusta

Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 Maria Colonna

The impact of non-equilibrium effects on the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions is investigated by comparing a non-equilibrium transport approach, the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD), to a 2D+1 viscous hydrodynamical model, which is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-11-29 Pierre Moreau , Yingru Xu , Taesoo Song , Marlene Nahrgang , Steffen Bass , Elena Bratkovskaya