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For classical systems driven out of equilibrium, Crooks derived a relation (the Crooks-Jarzynski relation), whose special cases include a relation (the Crooks relation) equivalent to the Kawasaki non-linear response relation. We derive a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-05-26 Hiroshi Matsuoka

We propose a method to evaluate general thermodynamic fluctuations in open quantum systems, based on performing a two-point measurement scheme on the system using dynamics-dependent thermodynamic observables. Our approach allows one to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alessandra Colla , Andrea Smirne , Heinz-Peter Breuer , Bassano Vacchini

Firstly the fluctuation theorems (FT) for expended work in a driven nonequilibrium system, isolated or thermostatted, together with the ensuing Jarzynski work-energy (W-E) relationships, will be discussed and reobtained. Secondly, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-31 Carolyne M. Van Vliet

We give a field-theoretic proof of the nonequilibrium work relations for a space dependent field with stochastic dynamics. The path integral representation and its symmetries allow us to derive Jarzynski's equality. In addition, we derive a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-02-01 Kirone Mallick , Moshe Moshe , Henri Orland

By taking full advantage of the dynamic property imposed by the detailed balance condition, we derive a new refined unified fluctuation theorem (FT) for general stochastic thermodynamic systems. This FT involves the joint probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-07-27 Zongping Gong , H. T. Quan

The Jarzynski equality is generalized to situations in which nonequilibrium systems are subject to a feedback control. The new terms that arise as a consequence of the feedback describe the mutual information content obtained by measurement…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

This chapter reviews an information theoretic approach to deriving quantum fluctuation theorems. When a thermal system is driven from equilibrium, random quantities of work are required or produced: the Crooks equality is a classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Z. Holmes

The transient quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski restrict and relate the statistics of work performed in forward and backward forcing protocols. So far these theorems have been obtained under the assumption that the work…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-02-07 B. Prasanna Venkatesh , Gentaro Watanabe , Peter Talkner

Quantum annealing is a generic solver of classical optimization problems that makes full use of quantum fluctuations. We consider work statistics given by a repetition of quantum annealing processes by employing the Jarzynski equality…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-27 Masayuki Ohzeki , Hidestoshi Nishimori

Jarzynski's equality is a well-known result in statistical mechanics, relating free-energy differences between equilibrium ensembles with fluctuations in the work performed during non-equilibrium transformations from one ensemble to the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-03-27 Alessandro Nada , Michele Caselle , Gianluca Costagliola , Marco Panero , Arianna Toniato

The Jarzynski equality allows the calculation of free-energy differences using values of work measured from nonequilibrium trajectories. The number of trajectories required to accurately estimate free-energy differences in this way grows…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-13 Stephen Whitelam

Non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is essential to describe new devices that operate far from the regime where the usual thermodynamical laws are obeyed. When quantum fluctuations dominate, defining and measuring work and heat, two…

We investigate the formulation of work distributions for quantum scalar fields in static curved spacetimes by extending the Ramsey interferometric protocol originally developed in previous works for flat spacetimes. The use of Unruh-DeWitt…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Rafael L. S. Costa , Marcos L. W. Basso , Jonas Maziero , Lucas C. Céleri

In this work, we numerically verify the Jarzynski equality and Crook fluctuation theorem for a Brownian particle diffusing in a heterogeneous thermal bath and hence having a non-Gaussian position distribution. We use the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-05 A. Saravanan , I. Iyyappan

We study the work cost of processes in quantum fields without the need of projective measurements, which are always ill defined in quantum field theory. Inspired by interferometry schemes, we propose a work distribution that generalizes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-10 Alvaro Ortega , Emma McKay , Álvaro M. Alhambra , Eduardo Martin-Martinez

Thermodynamics is the phenomenological theory of heat and work. Here we analyze to what extent quantum thermodynamic relations are immune to the underlying mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. As a main result, we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-21 Bartłomiej Gardas , Sebastian Deffner , Avadh Saxena

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental results in nonequilibrium thermodynamics beyond the linear response regime. Among these, the paradigmatic Tasaki-Crooks fluctuation theorem relates the statistics of the works done in a forward…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-19 Gianluca Francica , Luca Dell'Anna

In this paper we give a pedagogical introduction to the ideas of quantum thermodynamics and work fluctuations, using only basic concepts from quantum and statistical mechanics. After reviewing the concept of work, as usually taught in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Wellington L. Ribeiro , Gabriel T. Landi , Fernando Semião

We have experimentally checked the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation on the thermal fluctuations of a macroscopic mechanical oscillator in contact with a heat reservoir. We found that, independently of the time scale and amplitude…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 F. Douarche , S. Ciliberto , A. Petrosyan , I. Rabbiosi

The well-known Jarzynski equality, often written in the form $e^{-\beta\Delta F}=\langle e^{-\beta W}\rangle$, provides a non-equilibrium means to measure the free energy difference $\Delta F$ of a system at the same inverse temperature…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-22 Jiawen Deng , Juan D. Jaramillo , Peter Hanggi , Jiangbin Gong