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We experimentally test the Crooks fluctuation theorem in a quantum spin system. Our results show that the Crooks fluctuation theorem is valid for different speeds of the nonequilibrium processes and under various effective temperatures.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Wei Cheng , Wenquan Liu , Zhibo Niu , Chang-Kui Duan , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

An important result in classical stochastic thermodynamics is the work fluctuation--dissipation relation (FDR), which states that the dissipated work done along a slow process is proportional to the resulting work fluctuations. Here we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Harry J. D. Miller , Matteo Scandi , Janet Anders , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

It is shown that the work fluctuations and work distribution functions are fundamentally different in systems with short-range versus long-range correlations. The two cases considered with long- range correlations are magnetic work…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-26 T. R. Kirkpatrick , J. K. Bhattacherjee , J. V. Sengers

We derive some nonequilibrium identities such as the integral fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality starting from a nonequilibrium state for dissipative classical systems. Thanks to the existence of the integral fluctuation theorem…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-09-13 Hisao Hayakawa , Michio Otsuki

Here we investigate the impact of temporal entanglement on a system's ability to perform thermodynamical work. We show that while the quantum version of the Jarzynski equality remains satisfied even in the presence of temporal entanglement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-26 Vlatko Vedral

The work fluctuations of an oscillator in contact with a heat reservoir and driven out of equilibrium by an external force are studied experimentally. The oscillator dynamics is modeled by a Langevin equation. We find both experimentally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Frederic Douarche , Sergio Ciliberto , Artem Petrosyan

We derive the nonequilibrium transient state work fluctuation theorem and also the Jarzynski equality for a classical harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a harmonic heat bath, which is dragged by an external agent. Coupling with the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-09 Rajarshi Chakrabarti

Most non-equilibrium processes in thermodynamics are quantified only by inequalities, however the Jarzynski relation presents a remarkably simple and general equality relating non-equilibrium quantities with the equilibrium free energy, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 T. P. Xiong , L. L. Yan , F. Zhou , K. Rehan , D. F. Liang , L. Chen , W. L. Yang , Z. H. Ma , M. Feng , V. Vedral

We employ the operational quasiprobability (OQ) as a work distribution, which reproduces the Jarzynski equality and yields the average work consistent with the classical definition. The OQ distribution can be experimentally implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Jeongwoo Jae , Junghee Ryu , Hoon Ryu

We demonstrate experimentally that, applying optimal protocols which drive the system between two equilibrium states characterized by a free energy difference $\Delta F$, we can maximize the probability of performing the transition between…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-20 Nicolas Barros , Sergio Ciliberto , Ludovic Bellon

Previously derived expressions for the characteristic function of work performed on a quantum system by a classical external force are generalized to arbitrary initial states of the considered system and to Hamiltonians with degenerate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-07-11 Peter Talkner , Peter Hanggi , Manuel Morillo

Information spreads in time. For example, correlations dissipate when the correlated system locally couples to a third party, such as the environment. This simple but important fact forms the known quantum data-processing inequality. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Kun Zhang , Jin Wang

The Jarzynski equality (JE), which connects the equilibrium free energy with non-equilibrium work statistics, plays a crucial role in quantum thermodynamics. Although practical quantum systems are usually multi-level systems, most tests of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Wenquan Liu , Zhibo Niu , Wei Cheng , Xin Li , Chang-Kui Duan , Zhangqi Yin , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

To define the work performed on a driven quantum system in a physically sound way has turned out to be a truly non-trivial task, except in some special cases of limited applicability. This topic has been in a focus of intense research…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-12-27 Jukka P. Pekola , Paolo Solinas , Alexander Shnirman , Dmitri V. Averin

We establish a general theory of feedback control on classical stochastic thermodynamic systems, and generalize nonequilibrium equalities such as the fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality in the presence of feedback control with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-28 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

We analytically calculate the work distribution of a quantum harmonic oscillator with arbitrary time-dependent angular frequency. We provide detailed expressions for the work probability density for adiabatic and nonadiabatic processes, in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-04-12 Sebastian Deffner , Eric Lutz

We develop a reformulation of the functional integral for bosons in terms of bilocal fields. Correlation functions correspond to quantum probabilities instead of probability amplitudes. Discrete and continuous global symmetries can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-14 S. Floerchinger

We examine the fluctuation theorems which traditionally have been studied for classical systems and enquire if they can be extended to the quantum domain, especially at low temperatures. The example chosen is that of a problem which has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-29 G. S. Agarwal , S. Dattagupta

We introduce symplectic quantization, a novel functional approach to quantum field theory which allows to sample quantum fields fluctuations directly in Minkowski space-time, at variance with the traditional importance sampling protocols,…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-03-24 Martina Giachello , Giacomo Gradenigo , Francesco Scardino

We derive a generalized version of the work fluctuation theorem for nonequilibrium systems with spatio-temporal temperature fluctuations. For chi-square distributed inverse temperature we obtain a generalized fluctuation theorem based on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 C. Beck , E. G. D. Cohen
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