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Fracton topological phases host fractionalized excitations that are either completely immobile or only mobile along certain lines or planes. We demonstrate how such phases can be understood in terms of two fundamentally different types of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-10-11 Timothy H. Hsieh , Gábor B. Halász

We provide a new perspective on fracton topological phases, a class of three-dimensional topologically ordered phases with unconventional fractionalized excitations that are either completely immobile or only mobile along particular lines…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-01-23 Gábor B. Halász , Timothy H. Hsieh , Leon Balents

Fracton models, a collection of exotic gapped lattice Hamiltonians recently discovered in three spatial dimensions, contain some 'topological' features: they support fractional bulk excitations (dubbed fractons), and a ground state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-01-01 Wilbur Shirley , Kevin Slagle , Zhenghan Wang , Xie Chen

In this work, we develop a coupled layer construction of fracton topological orders in $d=3$ spatial dimensions. These topological phases have sub-extensive topological ground-state degeneracy and possess excitations whose movement is…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-10-12 Han Ma , Ethan Lake , Xie Chen , Michael Hermele

We introduce a generalization of conventional lattice gauge theory to describe fracton topological phases, which are characterized by immobile, point-like topological excitations, and sub-extensive topological degeneracy. We demonstrate a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-01-04 Sagar Vijay , Jeongwan Haah , Liang Fu

Understanding phase transitions requires not only identifying order parameters but also characterizing how their correlations behave across scales. By quantifying how fluctuations at distinct spatial or temporal points are related,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-27 Ismael S. S. Carrasco , Henrique A. de Lima , Fernando A. Oliveira

Gapped fracton phases of matter generalize the concept of topological order and broaden our fundamental understanding of entanglement in quantum many-body systems. However, their analytical or numerical description beyond exactly solvable…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-30 Guo-Yi Zhu , Ji-Yao Chen , Peng Ye , Simon Trebst

Topologically ordered phases exhibit further complexity in the presence of global symmetries: Their anyonic excitations may exhibit different transformation patterns under these symmetries, leading to a classification in terms of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-09-25 Julian Boesl , Yu-Jie Liu , Wen-Tao Xu , Frank Pollmann , Michael Knap

We review what is known about fracton phases of quantum matter. Fracton phases are characterized by excitations that exhibit restricted mobility, being either immobile under local Hamiltonian dynamics, or mobile only in certain directions.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-19 Rahul M. Nandkishore , Michael Hermele

Spurred by recent development of fracton topological phases, unusual topological phases possessing fractionalized quasi-particles with mobility constraints, the concept of symmetries has been renewed. In particular, in accordance with the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-05-24 Hiromi Ebisu , Masazumi Honda , Taiichi Nakanishi

We formulate a construction of type-I fracton models based on gauging planar subsystem symmetries of topologically ordered two dimensional layers that have been stacked in three ambient spatial dimensions. Via our construction, any defect…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-03-15 Dominic J. Williamson , Meng Cheng

This work reports an extensive study of three-dimensional topological ordered phases that, in one of the directions behave like usual topological order concerning mobility of excitations, but in the perpendicular plane manifest type-II…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-12 Heitor Casasola , Guilherme Delfino , Yizhi You , Paula F. Bienzobaz , Pedro R. S. Gomes

Starting from an isotropic configuration of intersecting, two-dimensional toric codes, we construct a fracton topological phase introduced in Ref. [26], which is characterized by immobile, point- like topological excitations ("fractons"),…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-01-04 Sagar Vijay

In three dimensions, gapped phases can support "fractonic" quasiparticle excitations, which are either completely immobile or can only move within a low-dimensional submanifold, a peculiar topological phenomenon going beyond the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-05-26 Joseph Sullivan , Arpit Dua , Meng Cheng

Topological or deconfined phases are characterized by emergent, weakly fluctuating, gauge fields. In condensed matter settings they inevitably come coupled to excitations that carry the corresponding gauge charges which invalidate the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-03-18 K. Gregor , David A. Huse , R. Moessner , S. L. Sondhi

We consider the procedure for calculating the pair correlation function in the context of the Cluster Variation Methods. As specific cases, we study the pair correlation function in the paramagnetic phase of the Ising model with nearest…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 E. N. M. Cirillo , G. Gonnella , M. Troccoli , A. Maritan

Fractons are gapped point-like excitations in $d=3$ topological ordered phases whose motion is constrained. They have been discovered in several gapped models but a unifying physical mechanism for generating them is still missing. It has…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-13 Han Ma , Michael Hermele , Xie Chen

We derive exact analytic results for several four-point correlation functions for statistical models exhibiting phase separation in two-dimensions. Our theoretical results are then specialized to the Ising model on the two-dimensional strip…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-27 Alessio Squarcini , Antonio Tinti

The study of gapped quantum many-body systems in three spatial dimensions has uncovered the existence of quantum states hosting quasiparticles that are confined, not by energetics but by the structure of local operators, to move along lower…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-11-06 Daniel Bulmash , Maissam Barkeshli

Correlation functions in the restricted primitive model are calculated within a field-theoretic approach in the one-loop self-consistent Hartree approximation. The correlation functions exhibit damped oscillatory behavior as found before in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 O. Patsahan , A. Ciach
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