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We introduce a new technique to determine the gas turbulence and surface density in bright disc rings, under the assumption that dust growth is limited by turbulent fragmentation at the ring centre. We benchmark this prescription in HD…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-16 Francesco Zagaria , Cathie J. Clarke , Richard A. Booth , Stefano Facchini , Giovanni P. Rosotti

Protoplanetary disks often appear as multiple concentric rings in dust continuum emission maps and scattered light images. These features are often associated with possible young planets in these disks. Many non-planetary explanations have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-24 C. P. Dullemond , A. B. T. Penzlin

Planetesimal formation is still mysterious. One of the ways to form planetesimals is to invoke a gas pressure bump in a protoplanetary disc. In our previous paper, we propose a new scenario in which the piled-up dust at a gas pressure bump…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-11 Yuhito Shibaike , Yann Alibert

We study how the interaction between the streaming instability and intrinsic gas-phase turbulence affects planetesimal formation via gravitational collapse in protoplanetary disks. Turbulence impedes the formation of particle clumps by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Daniel A. Gole , Jacob B. Simon , Rixin Li , Andrew N. Youdin , Philip J. Armitage

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks and facilitate the formation of planetesimals. Recent numerical modeling efforts have demonstrated the increasing complexity of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-09 Rixin Li , Andrew Youdin , Jacob Simon

Axisymmetric dust rings are a ubiquitous feature of young protoplanetary disks. These rings are likely caused by pressure bumps in the gas profile; a small bump can induce a traffic jam-like pattern in the dust density, while a large bump…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Daniel Carrera , Jacob B. Simon , Rixin Li , Katherine A. Kretke , Hubert Klahr

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks and trigger the formation of planetesimals. The SI produces strong particle clumping if the ratio of solid to gas surface density --…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-15 Rixin Li , Andrew Youdin

The streaming instability (SI), driven by aerodynamic coupling between solids and the gas under a global radial pressure gradient, concentrates solids and facilitates planetesimal formation. Unstratified simulations are commonly used to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-09 Jeonghoon Lim , Stanley A. Baronett , Jacob B. Simon , Chao-Chin Yang , Debanjan Sengupta , Orkan M. Umurhan , Wladimir Lyra

Aims. A new mechanism of dust accumulation and planetesimal formation in a gravitationally unstable disk with suppressed magnetorotational instability is studied and compared with the classical dead zone in a layered disk model. Methods. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 Eduard I. Vorobyov , Aleksandr M. Skliarevskii , Manuel Guedel , Tamara Molyarova

The streaming instability (SI) is one of the most promising candidates for triggering planetesimal formation by producing dense dust clumps that undergo gravitational collapse. Understanding how the SI operates in realistic protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-05 Chun-Yen Hsu , Min-Kai Lin

The consistency of planet formation models suffers from the disconnection between the regime of small and large bodies. This is primarily caused by so-called growth barriers: the direct growth of larger bodies is halted at centimetre-sized…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-19 Joanna Drazkowska , Yann Alibert , Ben Moore

Dust concentration in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is the first step towards planetesimal formation, a crucial yet highly uncertain stage in planet formation. Although the streaming instability (SI) is widely recognized as a powerful…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Pinghui Huang , Xue-Ning Bai

The Streaming Instability (SI) is a mechanism to concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks. Nonlinear particle clumping from the SI can trigger gravitational collapse into planetesimals. To better understand the numerical robustness of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Rixin Li , Andrew N. Youdin , Jacob B. Simon

Dust at the midplane of a circumstellar disk can become gravitationally unstable and fragment into planetesimals if the local dust-to-gas density ratio mu is sufficiently high. We simulate how dust settles in passive disks and ask how high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Aaron T. Lee , Eugene Chiang , Xylar Asay-Davis , Joe Barranco

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading mechanism for planetesimal formation, driving the aerodynamic concentration of solids in protoplanetary disks. The SI triggers strong clumping (i.e., strong enough for clumps to collapse) when the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-24 Jeonghoon Lim , Jacob B. Simon , Rixin Li , Olivia Brouillette , David G. Rea , Wladimir Lyra

We introduce a new Lagrangian smooth-particle method to model the growth and drift of pebbles in protoplanetary disks. The Lagrangian nature of the model makes it especially suited to follow characteristics of individual (groups of)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 Djoeke Schoonenberg , Chris W. Ormel , Sebastiaan Krijt

We study the gravitational instability (GI) of small solids in a gas disk as a mechanism to form planetesimals. Dissipation from gas drag introduces secular GI, which proceeds even when standard GI criteria for a critical density or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Andrew N. Youdin

Clumping by streaming instability (SI) leading to gravitational collapse is the leading proposed mechanism for forming planetesimals, the building blocks of terrestrial planets and giant-planet cores. The critical dust-to-gas density ratio…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 Linn E. J. Eriksson , Ziyan Xu , Jeonghoon Lim , Chao-Chin Yang , Pinghui Huang , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

The instability in protoplanetary disks due to gas-dust friction and self-gravity of gas and dust is investigated by linear analysis. In the case where the dust to gas ratio is enhanced and turbulence is week, the instability grows, even in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Sanemichi Z. Takahashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

The discovery that axisymmetric dust rings are ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks has provoked a flurry of research on the role of pressure bumps in planet formation. High-resolution simulations by our group have shown that even a modest…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Daniel Carrera , Andrew Thomas , Jacob B. Simon , Matthew A. Small , Katherine A. Kretke , Hubert Klahr