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Planet formation via core accretion requires the production of km-sized planetesimals from cosmic dust. This process must overcome barriers to simple collisional growth, for which the Streaming Instability (SI) is often invoked. Dust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-27 Colin P. McNally , Francesco Lovascio , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

Context: The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for reaching solid densities sufficient to trigger the gravitational collapse needed for the formation of planetesimals. However, dust growth barriers appear to impede the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 V. Vallucci-Goy , U. Lebreuilly , M. -M. Mac Low , P. Hennebelle

The streaming instability (SI) is currently the leading candidate for triggering planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks. Recently, a novel variation, the `azimuthal-drift' streaming instability (AdSI), was discovered in disks…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-21 Shiang-Chih Wang , Min-Kai Lin

We present a new instability driven by a combination of coagulation and radial drift of dust particles. We refer to this instability as ``coagulation instability" and regard it as a promising mechanism to concentrate dust particles and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Ryosuke T. Tominaga , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Hiroshi Kobayashi

The streaming instability is the leading model for planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks, but it typically operates within the first ~Myr. In the Solar System, however, some planetesimals (the chondrite parent bodies) formed 2-4…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-29 Maya Tatarelli , Alessandro Morbidelli , Elena Lega

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to drive the formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks. To trigger this process, it has been argued that sedimentation of solids onto the mid-plane needs to be efficient and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-28 Chao-Chin Yang , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Anders Johansen

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for planetesimal formation, which can concentrate solids through two-way aerodynamic interactions with the gas. The resulting concentrations can become sufficiently dense to collapse…

The streaming instability (SI) has been extensively studied in the linear and non-linear regimes as a mechanism to concentrate solids and trigger planetesimal formation in the midplane of protoplanetary discs. A related dust settling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-17 Leonardo Krapp , Andrew N. Youdin , Kaitlin M. Kratter , Pablo Benítez-Llambay

The inner-most regions of circumbinary discs are unstable to a parametric instability whose non-linear evolution is hydrodynamical turbulence. This results in significant particle stirring, impacting on planetary growth processes such as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson , Colin P. McNally

The vertical shear instability and the streaming instability are two robust sources of turbulence in protoplanetary disks. The former has been found to induce anisotropic turbulence that is stronger in the vertical than in the radial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-15 Urs Schäfer , Anders Johansen , Mario Flock

For a long time, gravitational instability in the disk of planetesimals has been suspected to be the main engine responsible for the beginning of dust growth, its advantage being that it provides for rapid growth. Its real importance in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 P. Tanga , S. J. Weidenschilling , P. Michel , D. C. Richardson

Various instabilities have been proposed as a promising mechanism to accumulate dust. Moreover, some of them are expected to lead to the multiple-ring structure formation and the planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks. In a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-21 Ryosuke T. Tominaga , Sanemichi Z. Takahashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Recent years have seen growing interest in the streaming instability as a candidate mechanism to produce planetesimals. However, these investigations have been limited to small-scale simulations. We now present the results of a global…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Daniel Carrera , Uma Gorti , Anders Johansen , Melvyn B. Davies

Streaming Instability (SI) in dust has long been thought to be a promising process in triggering planetesimal formation in the protoplanetary disks (PPDs). In this study, we present the first numerical investigation that models the SI in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-16 Ka Wai Ho , Hui Li , Shengtai Li

We analyse the concentration of solid particles in vortices created and sustained by radial buoyancy in protoplanetary disks, i.e. baroclinic vortex growth. Besides the gas drag acting on particles we also allow for back-reaction from dust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Natalie Raettig , Hubert Klahr , Wladimir Lyra

We introduce a polydisperse version of the streaming instability, where the dust component is treated as a continuum of sizes. We show that its behaviour is remarkably different from the monodisperse streaming instability. We focus on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Colin P. McNally , Francesco Lovascio

Infall of interstellar material is a potential non-planetary origin of pressure bumps in protoplanetary disks. While pressure bumps arising from other mechanisms have been numerically demonstrated to promote planet formation, the impact of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 Haichen Zhao , Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Tilman Birnstiel , Sebastian M. Stammler , Joanna Drążkowska

Dust grains embedded in gas flow give rise to a class of hydrodynamic instabilities, called resonant drag instabilities. These instabilities have predominantly been studied for single grain sizes, in which case they are found to grow fast.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Hossam Aly

Recent theories suggest planetesimal formation via streaming and/or gravitational instabilities may be triggered by localized enhancements in the dust-to-gas ratio, and one hypothesis is that sufficient enhancements may be produced in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Anna L. H. Hughes , Philip J. Armitage

Context. The localized formation of planetesimals can be triggered with the help of streaming instability when the local pebble density is high. This can happen at various locations in the disk leading to the formation of local planetesimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-05 Nicolas Kaufmann , Octavio M. Guilera , Yann Alibert , Irina L. San Sebastián