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Complex states of quantum gravity in flat and AdS gravity can have features that are inaccessible to classical asymptotic observers. The missing information appears to such observers to be hidden behind a horizon or in a baby universe. Here…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Vijay Balasubramanian , Tom Yildirim

We present a unified treatment of the conserved asymptotic charges associated with any bosonic massless particle in any spacetime dimension. In particular we provide master formulae for the asymptotic charges and the central extensions in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Kevin Nguyen , Peter West

The asymptotic group of symmetries at null infinity of flat spacetimes in three and four dimensions is the infinite dimensional Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group. This has recently been shown to be isomorphic to non-relativistic conformal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-08-05 Arjun Bagchi , Reza Fareghbal

We study the asymptotic behavior and the scattering from infinity problem for the massive Maxwell-Klein-Gordon system in the Lorenz gauge, which were previously only studied for the massless system. For a general class of initial data, in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-28 Xuantao Chen

A definition of asymptotic flatness at spatial infinity in $d$ dimensions ($d\geq 4$) is given using the conformal completion approach. Then we discuss asymptotic symmetry and conserved quantities. As in four dimensions, in $d$ dimensions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-19 Kentaro Tanabe , Norihiro Tanahashi , Tetsuya Shiromizu

The symmetry algebra of asymptotically flat spacetimes at null infinity in four dimensions in the sense of Newman and Unti is revisited. As in the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs gauge, it is shown to be isomorphic to the direct sum of the abelian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-01-24 Glenn Barnich , Pierre-Henry Lambert

In general relativity, an idealized distant observer is situated at future null infinity where light rays emitted from the source approach. This article concerns conserved quantities such as mass, energy-momentum, angular momentum, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-11 Po-Ning Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Ye-Kai Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

Recent work has shown that the addition of an appropriate covariant boundary term to the gravitational action yields a well-defined variational principle for asymptotically flat spacetimes and thus leads to a natural definition of conserved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Robert B. Mann , Donald Marolf , Amitabh Virmani

We study the subleading structure of asymptotically-flat spacetimes and its relationship to the $w_{1+\infty}$ loop algebra of higher spin charges. We do so using both the Bondi-Sachs and the Newman-Penrose formalism, via a dictionary built…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-22 Marc Geiller

In this essay it is proved that, in a self-consistent semiclassical theory of gravity, the asymptotically measured orbital periods of test particles around central compact objects are fundamentally bounded from below by the compact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-16 Shahar Hod

The surface charge algebra of generic asymptotically locally (A)dS$_4$ spacetimes without matter is derived without assuming any boundary conditions. Surface charges associated with Weyl rescalings are vanishing while the boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 Geoffrey Compère , Adrien Fiorucci , Romain Ruzziconi

We study Einstein gravity in a finite spatial region. By requiring a well-defined variational principle, we identify all local boundary conditions, derive surface observables, and compute their algebra. The observables arise as induced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Viqar Husain , Seth Major

To satisfy the Cardy formula for Warped AdS$_3$ (WAdS$_{3}$) solutions in a quadratic ensemble, a specific set of boundary conditions has been proposed in \cite{Aggarwal:2020igb}. In this paper, these boundary conditions have been…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-09 S. N. Sajadi , Supakchai Ponglertsakul

Recent works on the decoherent histories formalism suggested that macroscopic quantities (extensive sums of local observables) in quantum many-body systems can be consistently monitored: The existence of past measurements does not alter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Xiangyu Cao

We consider asymptotic observables in quantum field theories in which the S-matrix makes sense. We argue that in addition to scattering amplitudes, a whole compendium of inclusive observables exists where the time-ordering is relaxed. These…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-15 Simon Caron-Huot , Mathieu Giroux , Holmfridur S. Hannesdottir , Sebastian Mizera

Bearing the final fate of gravitational collapse in mind, we study the asymptotic structures at timelike infinity in four dimensions. Assuming that spacetimes are asymptotically stationary, we will examine the asymptotic structure of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-29 Kentaro Tanabe , Tetsuya Shiromizu

In this series of lectures we give an introduction to the concept of asymptotic symmetry analysis with a focus on asymptotically flat spacetimes in 2+1 dimensions. We explain general ideas of quantizing gauge theories and then apply these…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-13 Max Riegler , Céline Zwikel

Gravitational waves with a space-translation Killing field are considered. In this case, the 4-dimensional Einstein vacuum equations are equivalent to the 3-dimensional Einstein equations with certain matter sources. This interplay between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Abhay Ashtekar , Jiri Bicak , Bernd G. Schmidt

As quantum analogs of the classical Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, quantum dynamical entropies have emerged as important tools to characterize complex quantum dynamics. In particular, Alicki-Fannes-Lindblad (AFL) entropy, which quantifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Eric D. Schultz , Keiichiro Furuya , Laimei Nie

We consider the most general asymptotically flat boundary conditions in three-dimensional Einstein gravity in the sense that we allow for the maximal number of independent free functions in the metric, leading to six towers of boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-24 Daniel Grumiller , Wout Merbis , Max Riegler