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Watermarking of large language models (LLMs) generation embeds an imperceptible statistical pattern within texts, making it algorithmically detectable. Watermarking is a promising method for addressing potential harm and biases from LLMs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Siyu Yuan , Zhining Liu , Tianxin Wei , Hyunsik Yoo , Zhichen Zeng , Deqing Yang , Hanghang Tong

In this paper, we analyze several recent schemes for watermarking network flows that are based on splitting the flow into timing intervals. We show that this approach creates time-dependent correlations that enable an attack that combines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Negar Kiyavash , Amir Houmansadr , Nikita Borisov

Recent works investigated attacks on sensors by influencing analog sensor components with acoustic, light, and electromagnetic signals. Such attacks can have extensive security, reliability, and safety implications since many types of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Yazhou Tu , Sara Rampazzi , Xiali Hei

In this work, we focus on analyzing vulnerability of nonlinear dynamical control systems to stealthy false data injection attacks on sensors. We start by defining the stealthiness notion in the most general form where an attack is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Amir Khazraei , Miroslav Pajic

To mitigate the potential harms of Large Language Models (LLMs)generated text, researchers have proposed watermarking, a process of embedding detectable signals within text. With watermarking, we can always accurately detect LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 William Guo , Adaku Uchendu , Ana Smith

Controller confidentiality under sensor attacks refers to whether the internal states of the controller can be estimated when the adversary knows the model of the plant and controller, while only having access to sensors, but not the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-02 Michelle S. Chong

We study the problem of collaboratively estimating the state of an LTI system monitored by a network of sensors, subject to the following important practical considerations: (i) certain sensors might be arbitrarily compromised by an…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Aritra Mitra , Shreyas Sundaram

Watermarking is widely proposed for provenance, attribution, and safety monitoring in generative models, yet is typically evaluated only under adversaries who attempt to evade detection or induce false positives at the level of individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Toluwani Aremu , Nils Lukas , Jie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are pre-trained and post-trained on vast amounts of loosely curated data, raising the possibility that these models may have been trained on proprietary datasets or the same benchmarks used for evaluation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yu-Xiang Wang

Watermarking algorithms needs properties of robustness and perceptibility. But these properties are affected by different -2 types of attacks performed on watermarked images. The goal of performing attacks is destroy the information of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Lalit Kumar Saini , Vishal Shrivastava

Closed-loop control systems employ continuous sensing and actuation to maintain controlled variables within preset bounds and achieve the desired system output. Intentional disturbances in the system, such as in the case of cyberattacks,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Vuk Lesi , Marcio Juliato , Shabbir Ahmed , Christopher Gutierrez , Qian Wang , Manoj Sastry

This paper considers a sensor attack and fault detection problem for linear cyber-physical systems, which are subject to system noise that can obey an unknown light-tailed distribution. We propose a new threshold-based detection mechanism…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Dan Li , Sonia Martínez

Active techniques have been introduced to give better detectability performance for cyber-attack diagnosis in cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this paper, switching multiplicative watermarking is considered, whereby we propose an optimal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alexander J. Gallo , Sribalaji C. Anand , André M. H. Teixeira , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari

The problem of replay attacks in the communication network between Distributed Generation Units (DGUs) of a DC microgrid is examined. The DGUs are regulated through a hierarchical control architecture, and are networked to achieve secondary…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Alexander J. Gallo , Mustafa S. Turan , Francesca Boem , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate , Thomas Parisini

Model watermarking techniques can embed watermark information into the protected model for ownership declaration by constructing specific input-output pairs. However, existing watermarks are easily removed when facing model stealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Yuexin Xuan , Zhendong Zhao , Xin Zhao , He Li

In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective tabular data watermarking mechanism with statistical guarantees. We show theoretically that the proposed watermark can be effectively detected, while faithfully preserving the data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hengzhi He , Peiyu Yu , Junpeng Ren , Ying Nian Wu , Guang Cheng

Watermarking approaches are proposed to identify if text being circulated is human or large language model (LLM) generated. The state-of-the-art watermarking strategy of Kirchenbauer et al. (2023a) biases the LLM to generate specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Qilong Wu , Varun Chandrasekaran

Machine learning is increasingly used in security-critical applications, such as autonomous driving, face recognition and malware detection. Most learning methods, however, have not been designed with security in mind and thus are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Erwin Quiring , Daniel Arp , Konrad Rieck

Watermarking is broadly utilized to protect ownership of shared data while preserving data utility. However, existing watermarking methods for tabular datasets fall short on the desired properties (detectability, non-intrusiveness, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yihao Zheng , Haocheng Xia , Junyuan Pang , Jinfei Liu , Kui Ren , Lingyang Chu , Yang Cao , Li Xiong

In Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), All communications between different nodes are sent out in a broadcast fashion. These networks are used in a variety of applications including military, environmental, and smart spaces. Sensors are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-08 Bambang Harjito , Vidyasagar Potdar