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Existing question answering methods often assume that the input content (e.g., documents or videos) is always accessible to solve the task. Alternatively, memory networks were introduced to mimic the human process of incremental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Vladimir Araujo , Alvaro Soto , Marie-Francine Moens

Vulnerabilities related to weak passwords are a pressing global economic and security issue. We report a novel, simple, and effective approach to address the weak password problem. Building upon chaotic dynamics, criticality at phase…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-27 T. V. Laptyeva , S. Flach , K. Kladko

Cybersecurity incidents such as data breaches have become increasingly common, affecting millions of users and organizations worldwide. The complexity of cybersecurity threats challenges the effectiveness of existing security communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Carolina Carreira , Alexandra Mendes , João F. Ferreira , Nicolas Christin

In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of deep-learning-based password guessing models for targeted attacks on human-chosen passwords. In recent years, service providers have increased the level of security of users'passwords. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Etienne Salimbeni , Nina Mainusch , Dario Pasquini

Password managers are important tools that enable us to use stronger passwords, freeing us from the cognitive burden of remembering them. Despite this, there are still many users who do not fully trust password managers. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Miguel Grilo , João F. Ferreira , José Bacelar Almeida

Retrieval-based conversation systems generally tend to highly rank responses that are semantically similar or even identical to the given conversation context. While the system's goal is to find the most appropriate response, rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Denis Fedorenko , Nikita Smetanin , Artem Rodichev

There continue to be numerous breaches publicised pertaining to cyber security despite security practices being applied within industry for many years. This article is intended to be the first in a number of articles as research into cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-01-18 Mark Evans , Leandros A. Maglaras , Ying He , Helge Janicke

Despite numerous countermeasures proposed by practitioners and researchers, remote control-flow alteration of programs with memory-safety vulnerabilities continues to be a realistic threat. Guaranteeing that complex software is completely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Martín Ochoa , Sebastian Banescu , Cynthia Disenfeld , Gilles Barthe , Vijay Ganesh

Social engineers attempt to manipulate users into undertaking actions such as downloading malware by clicking links or providing access to money or sensitive information. Natural language processing, computational sociolinguistics, and…

Passwords are the most common mechanism for authenticating users online. However, studies have shown that users find it difficult to create and manage secure passwords. To that end, passphrases are often recommended as a usable alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Avirup Mukherjee , Kousshik Murali , Shivam Kumar Jha , Niloy Ganguly , Rahul Chatterjee , Mainack Mondal

The average user has between 90-130 online accounts, and around $3 \times 10^{11}$ passwords are in use this year. Most people are terrible at remembering "random" passwords, so they reuse or create similar passwords using a combination of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ruthu Hulikal Rooparaghunath , T. S. Harikrishnan , Debayan Gupta

By developing communications and increase of access points, computer networks have been vulnerable considerably against wide range of information attacks, specially new and complicated attacks. Every day, replication attacks attack millions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-15 Amir Hosein Bodaghi

As language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in high-stakes settings, ensuring that they reliably follow user-defined rules has become a critical safety concern. To this end, we study whether language models exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Dylan Sam , Alexander Robey , Andy Zou , Matt Fredrikson , J. Zico Kolter

Cyberattacks frequently target higher educational institutions, making cybersecurity awareness and resilience critical for students. However, limited research exists on cybersecurity awareness, attitudes, and resilience among students in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Steve Goliath , Pitso Tsibolane , Dirk Snyman

Password updates are a critical account security measure and an essential part of the password lifecycle. Service providers and common security recommendations advise users to update their passwords in response to incidents or as a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alexander Krause , Jacques Suray , Lea Schmüser , Marten Oltrogge , Oliver Wiese , Maximilian Golla , Sascha Fahl

Passwords should be easy to remember, yet expiration policies mandate their frequent change. Caught in the crossfire between these conflicting requirements, users often adopt creative methods to perform slight variations over time. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Davide Berardi , Franco Callegati , Andrea Melis , Marco Prandini

Passwords are widely used for user authentication and, despite their weaknesses, will likely remain in use in the foreseeable future. Human-generated passwords typically have a rich structure, which makes them susceptible to guessing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-04-25 Claude Castelluccia , Abdelberi Chaabane , Markus Dürmuth , Daniele Perito

These days, cyber-criminals target humans rather than machines since they try to accomplish their malicious intentions by exploiting the weaknesses of end users. Thus, human vulnerabilities pose a serious threat to the security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Dimitra Papatsaroucha , Yannis Nikoloudakis , Ioannis Kefaloukos , Evangelos Pallis , Evangelos K. Markakis

Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, and networks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts can handle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system. However, most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Hans-Joachim Hof

System passwords serve as critical credentials for user authentication and access control when logging into operating systems or applications. Upon entering a valid password, users pass verification to access system resources and execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chaofang Shi , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li