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Autonomous agents driven by Large Language Models (LLMs) offer enormous potential for automation. Early proof of this technology can be found in various demonstrations of agents solving complex tasks, interacting with external systems to…

Social dilemmas are situations where groups of individuals can benefit from mutual cooperation but conflicting interests impede them from doing so. This type of situations resembles many of humanity's most critical challenges, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Manuel Rios , Nicanor Quijano , Luis Felipe Giraldo

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable advances in automated task-solving with multi-agent systems. However, most existing LLM-based multi-agent approaches rely on predefined agents to handle simple tasks, limiting the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Guangyao Chen , Siwei Dong , Yu Shu , Ge Zhang , Jaward Sesay , Börje F. Karlsson , Jie Fu , Yemin Shi

As conversational agents become integral parts of many aspects of our lives, current approaches are reaching bottlenecks of performance that require increasing amounts of data or increasingly powerful models. It is also becoming clear that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Alexandros Papangelis , Stefan Ultes

Formal modelling of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a challenging task due to high complexity, interaction, parallelism and continuous change of roles and organisation between agents. In this paper we record our research experience on formal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2010-08-20 Petros Kefalas , Ioanna Stamatopoulou

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

AI agents that take actions in their environment autonomously over extended time horizons require robust governance interventions to curb their potentially consequential risks. Prior proposals for governing AI agents primarily target…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-02 K. J. Kevin Feng , Tae Soo Kim , Rock Yuren Pang , Faria Huq , Tal August , Amy X. Zhang

The rapid progress in embodied artificial intelligence has highlighted the necessity for more advanced and integrated models that can perceive, interpret, and predict environmental dynamics. In this context, World Models (WMs) have been…

Large language model (LLM)-based agents that reason, plan, and act through tools, memory, and structured interaction are emerging as a promising paradigm for automating complex workflows. Recent systems such as OpenClaw and Claude Code…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yingli Zhou , Wang Shu , Yaodong Su , Wenchuan Du , Yixiang Fang , Xuemin Lin

In the rapidly evolving landscape of autonomous driving, the capability to accurately predict future events and assess their implications is paramount for both safety and efficiency, critically aiding the decision-making process. World…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Zhenning Li , Jia Hu , Runze Yuan , Yunjian Li , Guohui Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero-shot and few-shot generalization capabilities across complex natural language tasks, enabling their widespread use as virtual assistants for diverse applications such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar

Artificial Intelligence (AI) started out with an ambition to reproduce the human mind, but, as the sheer scale of that ambition became manifest, it quickly retreated into either studying specialized intelligent behaviours, or proposing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Alexander Boer , Giovanni Sileno

The study of system complexity primarily has two objectives: to explore underlying patterns and to develop theoretical explanations. Pattern exploration seeks to clarify the mechanisms behind the emergence of system complexity, while…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Xiao Xue , Deyu Zhou , Ming Zhang , Xiangning Yu , Fei-Yue Wang

Modern artificial intelligence relies on networks of agents that collect data, process information, and exchange it with neighbors to collaboratively solve optimization and learning problems. This article introduces a novel distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Diego Deplano , Nicola Bastianello , Mauro Franceschelli , Karl H. Johansson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly demonstrated the ability to facilitate the development of multi-agent systems that allow the interpretation of thoughts and actions generated by each individual. Promising advancements have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Asher Sprigler , Alexander Drobek , Keagan Weinstock , Wendpanga Tapsoba , Gavin Childress , Andy Dao , Lucas Gral

Problems of cooperation--in which agents seek ways to jointly improve their welfare--are ubiquitous and important. They can be found at scales ranging from our daily routines--such as driving on highways, scheduling meetings, and working…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Allan Dafoe , Edward Hughes , Yoram Bachrach , Tantum Collins , Kevin R. McKee , Joel Z. Leibo , Kate Larson , Thore Graepel

We consider the multi-agent reinforcement learning setting with imperfect information in which each agent is trying to maximize its own utility. The reward function depends on the hidden state (or goal) of both agents, so the agents must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Roberta Raileanu , Emily Denton , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

The premise of this working paper is based around agent-based simulation models and how to go about creating them from given incomplete information. Agent-based simulations are stochastic simulations that revolve around groups of agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Daniel Stroud , Christian Wagner , Peer-Olaf Siebers

Narratives about artificial intelligence (AI) entangle autonomy, the capacity to self-govern, with sentience, the capacity to sense and feel. AI agents that perform tasks autonomously and companions that recognize and express emotions may…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Janet V. T. Pauketat , Daniel B. Shank , Aikaterina Manoli , Jacy Reese Anthis

This book-length article combines several peer reviewed papers and new material to analyze the issues of ethical artificial intelligence (AI). The behavior of future AI systems can be described by mathematical equations, which are adapted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Bill Hibbard