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Quantum networks have been shown to connect users with full-mesh topologies without trusted nodes. We present advancements on our scalable polarisation entanglement-based quantum network testbed, which has the ability to perform protocols…

Entanglement distribution is essential for unlocking the potential of distributed quantum information processing. We consider an $N$-partite network where entanglement is distributed via a central source over lossy channels, and network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Leonardo Oleynik , Junaid ur Rehman , Seid Koudia , Symeon Chatzinotas

Quantum communication represents a revolutionary advancement over classical information theory, which leverages unique quantum mechanics properties like entanglement to achieve unprecedented capabilities in secure and efficient information…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Amit Kumar Bhuyan , Hrishikesh Dutta

The evolution of quantum computing technologies has been advancing at a steady pace in the recent years, and the current trend suggests that it will become available at scale for commercial purposes in the near future. The acceleration can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Quantum network and quantum repeater are promising ways to scale up a quantum information system to enable various applications with unprecedented performance. As a current bottleneck of building a long-distance quantum network, the…

In this paper we explore how recent technologies can improve the security of optical networks. In particular, we study how to use quantum key distribution (QKD) in common optical network infrastructures and propose a method to overcome its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Alex Ciurana , Vicente Martin

The quantum Internet relies on the ability to distribute entangled quantum bits (ebits) between quantum memories at the end nodes, to perform applications like blind or distributed quantum computing that are impossible if end nodes are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Claudio Cicconetti

Global-scale entanglement distribution has been a formidable challenge due to the unavoidable losses in communication channels. Here, we propose a novel backbone channel for quantum network based on balloon-based aerial relays. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Pei-Xi Liu , Yu-Ping Lin , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum entanglement is the essential resource for quantum communication and distributed information processing in a quantum network. However, the remote generation over a network suffers from inevitable transmission loss and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ye-Chao Liu , Otfried Gühne , Stefan Nimmrichter

This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

Optical photons are powerful carriers of quantum information, which can be delivered in free space by satellites or in fibers on the ground over long distances. Entanglement of quantum states over long distances can empower quantum…

Discrete-time quantum walks provide a natural framework for quantum transport on complex networks. On regular structures, coin-walker entanglement has been widely used to characterize quantum transport and to support quantum algorithmic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Pravy Prerana , Sascha Wald

Quantum communications bring a paradigm change in internet security by using quantum resources to establish secure keys between parties. Present-day quantum communications networks are mainly point-to-point and use trusted nodes and key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 S. Suciu , G. A. Bulzan , T. A. Isdraila , A. M. Palici , S. Ataman , C. Kusko , R. Ionicioiu

One of the key aims of quantum networks is the efficient distribution of multipartite entangled states among end users. While various architectures have been proposed, each comes with distinct advantages and limitations. Many designs depend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Daniel Bhatti , Kenneth Goodenough

In quantum networks, effective entanglement routing facilitates remote entanglement communication between quantum source and quantum destination nodes. Unlike routing in classical networks, entanglement routing in quantum networks must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Rakpong Kaewpuang , Minrui Xu , Stephen John Turner , Dusit Niyato , Han Yu , Dong In Kim

This paper presents a comparative analysis of three routing strategies in opportunistic quantum networks. Quantum communication networks face unique challenges, such as the fragility of qubits and the need to create and maintain pairs of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Diego Abreu , Alan Veloso , Antonio Abelém

We present a static framework for analysing quantum routing protocols that we call the \textit{cost-vector formalism}. Here, quantum networks are recast as multi-graphs where edges represent two-qubit entanglement resources that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Hudson Leone , Nathaniel R. Miller , Deepesh Singh , Nathan K. Langford , Peter P. Rohde

Recent experimental breakthroughs in satellite quantum communications have opened up the possibility of creating a global quantum internet using satellite links. This approach appears to be particularly viable in the near term, due to the…

The endeavour to develop quantum networks gave rise to a rapidly developing field with far reaching applications such as secure communication and the realisation of distributed computing tasks. This ultimately calls for the creation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 J. Wallnöfer , M. Zwerger , C. Muschik , N. Sangouard , W. Dür

Quantum key distribution---exchanging a random secret key relying on a quantum mechanical resource---is the core feature of secure quantum networks. Entanglement-based protocols offer additional layers of security and scale favorably with…

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