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We present an approximate dynamic programming framework for designing degradation-aware market participation policies for battery energy storage systems. The approach employs a tailored value function approximation that reduces the state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Flemming Holtorf , Sungho Shin

The integration of renewables into electrical grids calls for optimization-based control schemes requiring reliable grid models. Classically, parameter estimation and optimization-based control is often decoupled, which leads to high system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-22 Xu Du , Alexander Engelmann , Timm Faulwasser , Boris Houska

In many real-life scenarios, system failure depends on dynamic stress-strength interference, where strength degrades and stress accumulates concurrently over time. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding an optimal replacement…

Applications · Statistics 2022-01-04 Phalguni Nanda , Prajamitra Bhuyan , Anup Dewanji

Battery degradation is governed by complex and randomized cyclic conditions, yet existing modeling and prediction frameworks usually rely on rigid, unchanging protocols that fail to capture real-world dynamics. The stochastic electrical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Yuqi Li , Han Zhang , Xiaofan Gui , Zhao Chen , Yu Li , Xiwen Chi , Quan Zhou , Shun Zheng , Ziheng Lu , Wei Xu , Jiang Bian , Liquan Chen , Hong Li

Optimal scheduling of batteries has significant potential to reduce electricity costs and to enhance grid resilience. However, effective battery scheduling must account for both physical constraints as well as uncertainties in consumption…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Janik Pinter , Maximilian Beichter , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer , Frederik Zahn

This paper presents models for renewable energy systems with storage, and considers its optimal operation. We model and simulate wind and solar power production using stochastic differential equations as well as storage of the produced…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Nicola Cantisani , Tobias K. S. Ritschel , Christian A. Thilker , Henrik Madsen , John Bagterp Jørgensen

Battery storage is essential for the future smart grid. The inevitable cell degradation renders the battery lifetime volatile and highly dependent on battery dispatch, and thus incurs opportunity cost. This paper rigorously derives the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Guannan He , Soummya Kar , Javad Mohammadi , Panayiotis Moutis , Jay F. Whitacre

We consider the problem of optimal charging/discharging of a bank of heterogenous battery units, driven by stochastic electricity generation and demand processes. The batteries in the battery bank may differ with respect to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Vivek Deulkar , Jayakrishnan Nair

This paper addresses optimal battery thermal management (BTM), charging, and eco-driving of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with the goal of improving its grid-to-meter energy efficiency. Thus, an optimisation problem is formulated, aiming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Ahad Hamednia , Nikolce Murgovski , Jonas Fredriksson , Jimmy Forsman , Mitra Pourabdollah , Viktor Larsson

In power distribution systems, the growing penetration of renewable energy resources brings new challenges to maintaining voltage safety, which is further complicated by the limited model information of distribution systems. To address…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Xin Chen , Jorge I. Poveda , Na Li

Large scale electricity storage is set to play an increasingly important role in the management of future energy networks. A major aspect of the economics of such projects is captured in arbitrage, i.e. buying electricity when it is cheap…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-25 James Cruise , Lisa Flatley , Richard Gibbens , Stan Zachary

The operation efficiency of the electric transportation, energy storage, and grids mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of the employed batteries. Fundamental variables like voltage, current, temperature, and estimated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-11 Anupama R Itagi , Rakhee Kallimani , Krishna Pai , Sridhar Iyer , Onel L. A. López , Sushant Mutagekar

A standard approach to optimizing long-run running costs of discrete systems is based on minimizing the mean-payoff, i.e., the long-run average amount of resources ("energy") consumed per transition. However, this approach inherently…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Tomáš Brázdil , David Klaška , Antonín Kučera , Petr Novotný

Battery energy storage boosts up the response speed of power system frequency regulation, but must be recharged carefully to minimize the distortion to the frequency regulation response. This paper proposes a nonlinear feedback controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-14 Wenting Ma , Bolun Xu

Electricity prices and the end user net load vary with time. Electricity consumers equipped with energy storage devices can perform energy arbitrage, i.e., buy when energy is cheap or when there is a deficit of energy, and sell it when it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Md Umar Hashmi , Arpan Mukhopadhyay , Ana Bušić , Jocelyne Elias

In this paper, we focus on a method based on optimal control to address the optimization problem. The objective is to find the optimal solution that minimizes the objective function. We transform the optimization problem into optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Yeming Xu , Ziyuan Guo , Hongxia Wang , Huanshui Zhang

This study develops a methodology by capturing both the battery aging state and degradation rate for improved life prediction performance. The aging state is indicated by six physical features of an equivalent circuit model that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Mingyuan Zhao , Yongzhi Zhang

This work optimizes a lithium-ion battery charging schedule while considering a joint revenue and battery degradation model. The study extends the work of Meheswari et. al. to encourage battery usage/charging at optimal intervals depending…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-01 Jacob Azoulay , Nico Carballal

Whereas in typical standardized tests batteries are almost exclusively loaded with constant current or relatively slowly changing cycles, real applications involve rapid load ripple, which do not contribute to the net energy. The trend to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Tomas Kacetl , Jan Kacetl , Nima Tashakor , Stefan Goetz

This paper proposes a bi-level optimization framework to investigate the optimal market operation strategies of price-maker battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in real-time energy, spinning reserve, and pay as performance regulation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-20 Reza Khalilisenobari , Meng Wu