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We investigate hierarchical structure in various complex systems according to Minimum Spanning Tree methods. Firstly, we investigate stock markets where the graphis obtained from the matrix of correlations coefficient computed between all…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-06-13 Andrzej Jarynowski , Andrzej Buda

In this paper, we define a class of auxiliary graphs associated with simple undirected graphs. This class of auxiliary graphs is based on the set of spanning trees of the original graph and the edges constituting those spanning trees. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Abhishek Garg , Mahipal Jadeja , Rahul Muthu

Let $G$ be a 3-connected planar graph. Define the co-tree of a spanning tree $T$ of $G$ as the graph induced by the dual edges of $E(G)-E(T)$. The well-known cut-cycle duality implies that the co-tree is itself a tree. Let a $k$-tree be a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Christian Ortlieb , Jens M. Schmidt

Tree-width and path-width are well-known graph parameters. Many NP-hard graph problems allow polynomial-time solutions, when restricted to graphs of bounded tree-width or bounded path-width. In this work, we study the behavior of tree-width…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Frank Gurski , Robin Weishaupt

Analyzing large, multivariate graphs is an important problem in many domains, yet such graphs are challenging to visualize. In this paper, we introduce a novel, scalable, tree+table multivariate graph visualization technique, which makes…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Carolina Nobre , Marc Streit , Alexander Lex

If a graph has a non-singular adjacency matrix, then one may use the inverse matrix to define a (labeled) graph that may be considered to be the inverse graph to the original one. It has been known that an adjacency matrix of a tree is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Soňa Pavlíková , Jozef Širáň

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Jinxiong Zhang

In this paper we develop a structure called Link Algebra, in which we present a Set with two binary operations and an axiom system developed from the study of graph theory and set/antiset theory, sowing main theorems and definitions. Once…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-03-22 Alfonso Bustamante

The Laplacian matrix of a simple graph is the difference of the diagonal matrix of vertex degree and the (0,1) adjacency matrix. In the past decades, the Laplacian spectrum has received much more and more attention, since it has been…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-31 Xiao-Dong Zhang

The graph edit distance is used for comparing graphs in various domains. Due to its high computational complexity it is primarily approximated. Widely-used heuristics search for an optimal assignment of vertices based on the distance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Franka Bause , Christian Permann , Nils M. Kriege

Building on work by Desjarlais, Molina, Faase, and others, a general method is obtained for counting the number of spanning trees of graphs that are a product of an arbitrary graph and either a path or a cycle, of which grid graphs are a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-16 Paul Raff

A hierarchical structure describing the inter-relationships of species has long been a fundamental concept in systematic biology, from Linnean classification through to the more recent quest for a 'Tree of Life.' In this paper we use an…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-08-21 Andreas Dress , Vincent Moulton , Mike Steel , Taoyang Wu

We prove that every connected graph with $s$ vertices of degree not 2 has a spanning tree with at least ${1\over 4}(s-2)+2$ leaves. Let $G$ be a be a connected graph of girth $g$ with $v>1$ vertices. Let maximal chain of successively…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-29 Anton Bankevich , Dmitri Karpov

Given two rooted, labeled trees $P$ and $T$ the tree path subsequence problem is to determine which paths in $P$ are subsequences of which paths in $T$. Here a path begins at the root and ends at a leaf. In this paper we propose this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Philip Bille , Inge Li Goertz

Tree trace reconstruction aims to learn the binary node labels of a tree, given independent samples of the tree passed through an appropriately defined deletion channel. In recent work, Davies, R\'acz, and Rashtchian used combinatorial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Tatiana Brailovskaya , Miklós Z. Rácz

The shrinking operation converts a hypergraph into a graph by choosing, from each hyperedge, two endvertices of a corresponding graph edge. A hypertree is a hypergraph which can be shrunk to a tree on the same vertex set. Klimo\v{s}ov\'{a}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Karolína Hylasová , Tomáš Kaiser

Many scientific datasets are of high dimension, and the analysis usually requires visual manipulation by retaining the most important structures of data. Principal curve is a widely used approach for this purpose. However, many existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Qi Mao , Li Wang , Ivor W. Tsang , Yijun Sun

The theory of complex trees is introduced as a new approach to study a broad class of self-similar sets. Systems of equations encoded by complex trees tip-to-tip equivalence relations are used to obtain one-parameter families of connected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Bernat Espigule

An invariant for cospectral graphs is a property shared by all cospectral graphs. In this paper, we establish three novel arithmetic invariants for cospectral graphs, revealing deep connections between spectral properties and combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Yizhe Ji , Quanyu Tang , Wei Wang , Hao Zhang

During routine state space circuit analysis of an arbitrarily connected set of nodes representing a lossless LC network, a matrix was formed that was observed to implicitly capture connectivity of the nodes in a graph similar to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Pritam Mukherjee , L. Satish