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The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the strong likelihood of alien intelligent life emerging (under a wide variety of assumptions) and the absence of any visible evidence for such emergence. We use this intriguing unlikeness to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-06 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Susanna M. Weber , Jorge F. Soriano

In this work, we explore constraints on the emergence and longevity of technologically intelligent civilizations in our Galaxy, considering the Fermi paradox. We argue that under optimistic assumptions about the probability of life and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-27 Sohrab Rahvar , Shahin Rouhani

This study examines the hypothesis that the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), culminating in the emergence of Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), could act as a "Great Filter" that is responsible for the scarcity of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Michael Garrett

The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the high probability extraterrestrial civilizations' existence and the lack of contact with such civilizations. In general, solutions to Fermi's paradox come down to either estimation…

Popular Physics · Physics 2010-07-27 I. Bezsudnov , A. Snarskii

How long a technological civilization remains active, and what determines whether it collapses or persists, is a central question for both projecting humanity's future and assessing the prevalence of detectable intelligence in the galaxy.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-16 Celia Blanco , Jacob Haqq-Misra , George Profitiliotis

The data recently accumulated by the Kepler mission have demonstrated that small planets are quite common and that a significant fraction of all stars may have an Earth-like planet within their Habitable Zone. These results are combined…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-26 Amri Wandel

Speculation about the existence of advanced forms of life in the Universe and in our galaxy, has been since ever a subject of fascination and discussion in fiction, as well as in astrophysics, biology and philosophy. The well-known Fermi's…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Orfeu Bertolami

In evaluating the number of technological civilizations N in the Galaxy through the Drake formula, emphasis is mostly put on the astrophysical and biotechnological factors describing the emergence of a civilization and much less on its the…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Nikos Prantzos

In this paper we address the cosmic frequency of technological species. Recent advances in exoplanet studies provide strong constraints on all astrophysical terms in the Drake Equation. Using these and modifying the form and intent of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Adam Frank , W. T. Sullivan

The Kepler mission has shown that a significant fraction of all stars may have an Earth-size habitable planet. A dramatic support was the recent detection of Proxima Centauri b. Using a Drake-equation like formalism I derive an equation for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 Amri Wandel

Fermi's Paradox is the contradiction between the fact that it would seem to be highly probable that there are other technologically advanced species beyond the Earth, and the fact that there is no generally accepted evidence for their…

Popular Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Kent A. Peacock

The Fermi paradox has given rise to various attempts to explain why no evidence of extraterrestrial civilisations was found so far on Earth and in our Solar System. Here, we present a dynamical model for the development of such…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-25 Dominik R. G. Schleicher , Stefano Bovino

The Fermi paradox is the conflict between an expectation of a high {\em ex ante} probability of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe and the apparently lifeless universe we in fact observe. The expectation that the universe should be…

Popular Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Anders Sandberg , Eric Drexler , Toby Ord

The ease of interstellar rocket travel is an issue with implications for the long term fate of our own and other civilizations and for the much-debated number of technological civilizations in the Galaxy. We show that the physical barrier…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-03 Brad Hansen , Ben Zuckerman

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been heavily influenced by solutions to the Drake Equation, which returns an integer value for the number of communicating civilisations resident in the Milky Way, and by the Fermi…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Duncan Forgan

The intuition suggested by the Drake equation implies that technology should be less prevalent than biology in the galaxy. However, it has been appreciated for decades in the SETI community that technosignatures could be more abundant,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-22 Jason T. Wright , Jacob Haqq-Misra , Adam Frank , Ravi Kopparapu , Manasvi Lingam , Sofia Z. Sheikh

A new solution to the Fermi Paradox is presented: probes or visits from putative alien civilizations have a very low probability until a civilization reaches a certain age (called the Contact Era) after the onset of radio communications. If…

Popular Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Amri Wandel

We model the settlement of the galaxy by space-faring civilizations in order to address issues related to the Fermi Paradox. We explore the problem in a way that avoids assumptions about the intent and motivation of any exo-civilization…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-02-06 Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback , Adam Frank , Jason Wright , Caleb Scharf

The Drake equation has been used many times to estimate the number of observable civilizations in the Galaxy. However, the uncertainty of the outcome is so great that any individual result is of limited use, as predictions can range from a…

Popular Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Alex De Visscher

The fermi paradox uses an appeal to the mediocrity principle to make it seem counter-intuitive that humanity has not been contacted by extraterrestrial intelligence. A numerical, statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether this…

Popular Physics · Physics 2016-06-17 Evan Solomonides , Yervant Terzian
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