Related papers: Multistring based matrices
We define string geometry: spaces of superstrings including the interactions, their topologies, charts, and metrics. Trajectories in asymptotic processes on a space of strings reproduce the right moduli space of the super Riemann surfaces…
We show that the nerve complex of n arcs in the circle is homotopy equivalent to either a point, an odd-dimensional sphere, or a wedge sum of spheres of the same even dimension. Moreover this homotopy type can be computed in time O(n log…
We construct the infinite sequence of invariants for curves in surfaces by using word theory that V. Turaev introduced. For plane closed curves, we add some extra terms, e.g. the rotation number. From these modified invariants, we get the…
We propose a nonperturbative definition of heterotic string theory on arbitrary multidimensional tori.
In this paper we propose a new, more appropriate definition of regular and indeterminate strings. A regular string is one that is "isomorphic" to a string whose entries all consist of a single letter, but which nevertheless may itself…
We generalize Turaev's definition of torsion invariants of pairs (M,x), where M is a 3-dimensional manifold and x is an Euler structure on M (a non-singular vector field up to homotopy relative to bM and local modifications in int(M).…
Virtual index cocycle is the 1-cochain that counts virtual crossings in the arcs of a virtual link diagram. We show how this cocycle can be used to reformulate and unify some known invariants of virtual links.
In this paper, we define some polynomial invariants for virtual knots and links. In the first part we use Manturov's parity axioms to obtain a new polynomial invariant of virtual knots. This invariant can be regarded as a generalization of…
As of today there exist consistent, gauge-invariant string field theories describing all string theories: bosonic open and closed strings, open superstrings, heterotic strings and type II strings. The construction of these theories require…
The linking number is the simplest link invariant given by Gauss; it is the first Gauss diagram formula expressed by one arrow among two circles. Proceeding the next stage, we study the second Gauss diagram formula consisting of two arrows…
In this paper we introduce the notion of an unknotting index for virtual knots. We give some examples of computation by using writhe invariants, and discuss a relationship between the unknotting index and the virtual knot module. In…
We are interested in regular expressions and transducers that represent word relations in an alphabet-invariant way---for example, the set of all word pairs u,v where v is a prefix of u independently of what the alphabet is. Current…
Kitaev's toric code is constructed using a finite gauge group from gauge theory. Such gauge theories can be generalized with the gauge group generalized to any finite-dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra. This also leads to generalizations…
Multiway Turing machines (also known as nondeterministic Turing machines or NDTMs) with explicit, simple rules are studied. Even very simple rules are found to generate complex behavior, characterized by complex multiway graphs, that can be…
Kuperberg [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 3 (2003) 587-591] has shown that a virtual knot corresponds (up to generalized Reidemeister moves) to a unique embedding in a thichened surface of minimal genus. If a virtual knot diagram is equivalent to a…
We classify link diagrams with Turaev genus one and two in terms of an alternating tangle structure of the link diagram. The proof involves surgery along simple closed curves on the Turaev surface, called cutting loops, which have…
Let $M^{reg}$ be the topological moduli space of long knots up to regular isotopy, and for any natural number $n > 1$ let $M^{reg}_n$ be the moduli space of all n-cables of framed long knots which are twisted by a string link to a knot in…
We consider two problems associated to the space of Riemann surfaces that are closely related to string theory. We first consider the problem of existence of heterotic-string and type-II-superstring field theory vertices in the product of…
We study $n$-homomorphisms in the sense of Khudaverdian--Voronov, but generalized to maps from arbitrary rings to arbitrary commutative rings. We show that the sum of an $n$-homomorphism and an $m$-homomorphism is an $\left( n+m\right)…
We describe a homotopical version of the relational and gluing models of type theory, and generalize it to inverse diagrams and oplax limits. Our method uses the Reedy homotopy theory on inverse diagrams, and relies on the fact that Reedy…